Comparison of frontal crash compatibility metrics between battery-electric and internal-combustion-engine passenger vehicles.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if there are any emerging issues related to battery-electric vehicles' (BEVs') geometry, force distribution, and extra weight that may make them more aggressive partners in front-to-front crashes through comparisons of stiffness metrics derived from crash tests.

Methods: We examined load cell wall data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA's) New Car Assessment Program full-width frontal crash test at 56 km/h. Fourteen BEVs, ranging in class from small cars to large SUVs, were compared with 92 internal-combustion-engine (ICE) vehicles, ranging in class from small cars to midsize pickups.

Vehicle front-end geometry and in-depth pedestrian injury outcomes.

Objective: Large passenger vehicles have consistently demonstrated an outsized injury risk to pedestrians they strike, particularly those with tall, blunt front ends. However, the specific injuries suffered by pedestrians in these crashes as well as the mechanics of those injuries remain unclear. The current study was conducted to explore how a variety of vehicle measurements affect pedestrian injury outcomes using crash reconstruction and detailed injury attribution.

Bicyclist crashes with cars and SUVs: Injury severity and risk factors.

Objective: The popularity of bicycle travel has increased in recent years alongside a comparable increase in the risk of injury or death for those cyclists. The current study was conducted to investigate the differences in injury outcomes between bicyclists struck by SUVs and those struck by cars and to uncover the mechanisms behind injury patterns that have been observed in past research.

Methods: We analyzed 71 single-vehicle crashes from the Vulnerable Road User Injury Prevention Alliance pedestrian crash database, focusing on crashes involving an SUV or car.

Developing an aluminum honeycomb barrier to represent a striking SUV in a side impact crash test.

Objective: The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) introduced its side impact ratings test in 2003. Despite manufacturers' improvements to airbags and vehicle structures, 45% of 2018 side crash fatalities on U.S.

Pedestrian injuries from cars and SUVs: Updated crash outcomes from the vulnerable road user injury prevention alliance (VIPA).

Objective: The current short communication was written to update research on real-world pedestrian crashes. In particular, our analysis offers a preliminary update on SUV-pedestrian crash outcomes and how they differ from car-pedestrian crash outcomes. Detailed injury data were linked to vehicle features to offer a better understanding of pedestrian injury etiology.

Laboratory Reconstructions of Bicycle Helmet Damage: Investigation of Cyclist Head Impacts Using Oblique Impacts and Computed Tomography.

Although head injuries are common in cycling, exact conditions associated with cyclist head impacts are difficult to determine. Previous studies have attempted to reverse engineer cyclist head impacts by reconstructing bicycle helmet residual damage, but they have been limited by simplified damage assessment and testing. The present study seeks to enhance knowledge of cyclist head impact conditions by reconstructing helmet damage using advanced impact testing and damage quantification techniques.

Suitability of enhanced head injury criteria for vehicle rating.

: Euro NCAP is considering the implementation of a new head injury assessment with the introduction of THOR in the mobile progressive deformable barrier frontal impact crash test. The objective of this study is to assess the suitability of enhanced head injury criteria for practical application in consumer rating programs.: AIS2+ risk predictions from nine selected head injury criteria where calculated for 27 pairs of crash test results representing small and moderate overlap frontal crashes.

Development of the STAR Evaluation System for Assessing Bicycle Helmet Protective Performance.

Cycling is a leading cause of mild traumatic brain injury in the US. While bicycle helmets help protect cyclists who crash, limited biomechanical data exist differentiating helmet protective capabilities. This paper describes the development of a bicycle helmet evaluation scheme based in real-world cyclist accidents and brain injury mechanisms.

Differences in the protective capabilities of bicycle helmets in real-world and standard-specified impact scenarios.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate relative differences in impact attenuation capabilities of bicycle helmets under real-world impact conditions and safety standard-specified conditions using a standard rig.

Methods: A Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) test rig was used to impact 10 helmet models of varied design. Impact configurations included 2 locations and 2 velocities.

Structural Design Strategies for Improved Small Overlap Crashworthiness Performance.

In 2012, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) began a 64 km/h small overlap frontal crash test consumer information test program. Thirteen automakers already have redesigned models to improve test performance. One or more distinct strategies are evident in these redesigns: reinforcement of the occupant compartment, use of energy-absorbing fender structures, and the addition of engagement structures to induce vehicle lateral translation.

Occurrence of serious injury in real-world side impacts of vehicles with good side-impact protection ratings.

Objective: The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) introduced its side impact consumer information test program in 2003. Since that time, side airbags and structural improvements have been implemented across the fleet and the proportion of good ratings has increased to 93% of 2012-2014 model year vehicles. Research has shown that drivers of good-rated vehicles are 70% less likely to die in a left-side crash than drivers of poor-rated vehicles.

Relationship between pedestrian headform tests and injury and fatality rates in vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes in the United States.

Pedestrian protection evaluations have been developed to encourage vehicle front-end designs that mitigate the consequences of vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes. The European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP) evaluates pedestrian head protection with impacts against vehicle hood, windshield, and A-pillars. The Global Technical Regulation No.

Development of a frontal small overlap crashworthiness evaluation test.

Objectives: Small overlap frontal crashes are those in which crash forces are applied outboard of the vehicle's longitudinal frame rails. In-depth analyses of crashes indicate that such crashes account for a significant proportion of frontal crashes with seriously injured occupants. The objective of this research was to evaluate possible barrier crash tests that could be used to evaluate the crashworthiness of vehicles across a spectrum of small overlap crash types.