Improving United States HPV vaccination rates: Factors predictive of parental attitudes towards middle school entry requirements.

Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is effective at preventing infection and certain types of cancer, uptake is suboptimal. HPV vaccine requirements for school entry are an underutilized strategy to increase HPV vaccine uptake among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to understand the factors that are predictive of parents' attitudes toward schools requiring the HPV vaccine for entry into middle school.

Associations between constipation risk and lifestyle, medication use, and affective symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To investigate the association between lifestyle and atypical antipsychotic drug use in patients with schizophrenia and the risk of constipation and to assess the impact of anxiety and depressive symptoms on constipation risk.

Methods: Cross-sectional convenience sampling was employed, and 271 participants aged 20-65 were enrolled. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire comprising participants' demographic data, medication information, dietary behavior assessment, and the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory.

Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Gratitude at Work Scale in Employed Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The Gratitude at Work Scale, originally developed by American scholars, has been widely administered to mental health professionals and human service workers to explore gratitude in the workplace. No Chinese-language instrument is currently available for assessing workplace gratitude.

Purposes: The aims of this study were to (a) translate the original English version of the Gratitude at Work Scale into a traditional Chinese version (TC-GAWS), confirm its factor structure, and analyze its psychometric properties among newly employed nurses and (b) develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the TC-GAWS short form.

Type II Interleukin-4 Receptor Activation in Basal Breast Cancer Cells Promotes Tumor Progression via Metabolic and Epigenetic Modulation.

Interleukin-4 (IL4) is a Th2 cytokine that can signal through two different receptors, one of which-the type II receptor-is overexpressed by various cancer cells. Previously, we have shown that type II IL4 receptor signaling increases proliferation and metastasis in mouse models of breast cancer, as well as increasing glucose and glutamine metabolism. Here, we expand on those findings to determine mechanistically how IL4 signaling links glucose metabolism and histone acetylation to drive proliferation in the context of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Measurement Invariance of the Hospice Quality of Life Index-14 in Lung Cancer and Nonlung Cancer Patients Admitted to Hospice.

Establishing measurement invariance (MI) is important in the questionnaire validation process. This study examined the MI of the Hospice Quality of Life Index-14 (HQLI-14) when comparing hospice patients with lung cancer and those with nonlung cancers. The HQLI-14 contains 14 items to measure multidimensional concepts of quality of life.

The prevalence and risk factors of PTSD symptoms among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Since the first reported outbreak in China, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised serious concerns globally. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a severe psychological impact on healthcare workers (HCWs), and especially nurses, who are the most numerous and exposed frontline group. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to summarise extant literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of nurses, particularly concerning the prevalence and risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Asthma is associated with a lower incidence of metastatic colorectal cancer in a US patient cohort.

In previous pre-clinical studies, we examined the contribution of interleukin 4 receptor (IL4R) signaling in the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Aberrant activation of this receptor can result in atopic diseases such as asthma. We hypothesized that further evidence for the contribution of excessive IL4R being associated with CRC progression could be seen in medical records, and specifically that chronic asthma patients were more likely to be diagnosed with metastatic CRC.

Oral health during pregnancy: an analysis of interprofessional guideline awareness and practice behaviors among prenatal and oral health providers.

Background: Poor oral health during pregnancy has significant implications across the life course, including increased risk for adverse pregnancy, birth outcomes, and the development of early childhood caries. In efforts to improve perinatal oral health in the United States, a set of national interprofessional guidelines were developed that include recommended practice behaviors for both oral health providers and prenatal providers. The purpose of this study was to examine guideline awareness, familiarity, beliefs, and practice behaviors among both provider types.

Effects of Baduanjin Qigong in Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study.

The current quasi-experimental study explored the effects of Baduanjin qigong on body mass index (BMI) and five metabolic indexes in people with schizophrenia. Inclusion criteria were body mass index >25 kg/m or metabolic syndrome. Twenty-two service users were recruited from a psychiatric center and were assigned to the experimental group (EG) or control group (CG) using blocked randomization.

Characteristics associated with the adoption of consumer-based -self-sampling methods for sexually transmitted infection screening.

To identify theory-based innovation characteristics associated with the adoption of consumer-based self-sampling methods for sexually transmitted infection screening. Guided by the Diffusion of Innovation, survey data from people assigned female at birth (AFAB) (n = 92) were analyzed. Forward regression models and a path analysis were used to predict adoption by characteristics, using maximum likelihood estimation.

Dental patients' communication preferences for learning about HPV-related topics.

Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has the highest incidence of any cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Oral health providers are urged to support the use of the HPV vaccine, which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of OPC in 2020. This study evaluated the preferences of dental patients regarding 11 modalities for learning about HPV-related topics from their oral health providers.

Prenatal oral health guidelines: a theory- and practice-informed approach to survey development using a modified-Delphi technique and cognitive interviews.

Background: Pregnancy presents an opportune time for oral health promotion and intervention; however, implementation of the prenatal oral health guidelines remains a challenge among prenatal and oral health providers. The purpose of this study was twofold: To employ a theory-based approach to identify high-priority Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) constructs with the greatest potential to impact prenatal oral health guideline implementation, and to operationalize and pre-test survey items based on the prioritized CFIR constructs. Identifying barriers and facilitators to guideline implementation will inform the development of targeted interventions that address gaps in adherence which can positively impact oral-systemic health.

Uncompetitive, adduct-forming SARM1 inhibitors are neuroprotective in preclinical models of nerve injury and disease.

Axon degeneration is an early pathological event in many neurological diseases. The identification of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) hydrolase SARM1 as a central metabolic sensor and axon executioner presents an exciting opportunity to develop novel neuroprotective therapies that can prevent or halt the degenerative process, yet limited progress has been made on advancing efficacious inhibitors. We describe a class of NAD-dependent active-site SARM1 inhibitors that function by intercepting NAD hydrolysis and undergoing covalent conjugation with the reaction product adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR).

COVID-19 stress, social support, and coping in international students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a moderated analysis on anxiety and depression.

Objective: This study examined the associations between COVID-19 stress and anxiety and depression among international college students and assessed if this relationship was moderated by coping and social support.

Participants: 219 international students at a large US university.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey utilizing validated scales was conducted from October 1 to 25, 2020.

Fatigue-related symptom clusters and functional status of older adults in hospice.

Background: Fatigue is frequently co-existing with other symptoms and is highly prevalent among patients with cancer and geriatric population. There was a lack of knowledge that focus on fatigue clusters in older adults with cancer in hospice care.

Objectives: To identify fatigue-related symptom clusters in older adult hospice patients and discover to what extent fatigue-related symptom clusters predict functional status while controlling for depression.

Goal Attainment Scaling in Outpatient Physical Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Patient engagement in decisions regarding their health care may lead to improved outcomes and improved adherence to treatment plans. While there are several options for involving patients in their health care, goal setting is a readily accessible method for physical therapists to increase the involvement of patients in health care decisions. Physical therapy goals are often generated by health care providers based on subjective information or standardized, fixed-item, patient-reported outcome measures.

Discussing HPV and oropharyngeal cancer in dental settings: gender and provider-type matter.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US and the leading cause of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), an oral cancer most often identified by dental providers. Given the rise in HPV-associated OPC and recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the HPV vaccine to prevent OPC, dental providers have a unique role in HPV prevention. This study assessed US adults' comfort levels discussing HPV and OPC with dental providers.

IMProving care After inherited Cancer Testing (IMPACT) study: protocol of a randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of two interventions designed to improve cancer risk management and family communication of genetic test results.

Background: Implementing genetic testing for inherited cancer predisposition into routine clinical care offers a tremendous opportunity for cancer prevention and early detection. However, genetic testing itself does not improve outcomes; rather, outcomes depend on implemented follow-up care. The IMPACT study is a hybrid type I randomized effectiveness-implementation trial to simultaneously evaluate the effectiveness of two interventions for individuals with inherited cancer predisposition focused on: 1) increasing family communication (FC) of genetic test results; and 2) improving engagement with guideline-based cancer risk management (CRM).

Enhancing care transitions intervention with peer support to improve outcomes among older adults with co-occurring clinical depression: a pilot study.

The Care Transitions Intervention (CTI) is an evidence-based intervention aimed at supporting the transition from hospital back to the community for patients to ultimately reduce preventable re-hospitalization. In a pilot randomized controlled trial, we examined the preliminary effectiveness of an Enhanced Care Transitions Intervention (ECTI), CTI with the addition of peer support, for a racially/ethnically diverse sample of older adults (age 60+) with co-morbid major depression. We observed a significant decline in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after being discharged from the hospital among those who received CTI.

Cognitive Function and Sleep in Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia.

Poor sleep is prevalent among caregivers of persons living with dementia and increases their risk for cognitive impairment and decline. In this cross-sectional, correlational study, we compared the cognitive function scores of caregivers with poor sleep with the demographically adjusted normed scores of the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Caregivers completed a 14-day sleep diary.

Arguments in favor of and against the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement in Puerto Rico: a content analysis of newspaper media.

Purpose: Vaccine requirements are effective population-based strategies to increase vaccination rates. In 2018, Puerto Rico's DOH announced that the HPV vaccine would be required for school entrance. This study explored arguments in favor of and against the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement in PR.

The Intersection of Problems, Policy, and Politics: The Adoption of an HPV Vaccine School-Entry Requirement in Puerto Rico.

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can cause cancer (e.g., cervical/vaginal/penile/anal/oropharyngeal).