Longitudinal cognitive performance of participants with sporadic early onset Alzheimer's disease from LEADS.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) manifests prior to the age of 65, and affects 4%-8% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current analyses sought to examine longitudinal cognitive trajectories of participants with early-onset dementia.

Methods: Data from 307 cognitively normal (CN) volunteer participants and those with amyloid-positive EOAD or amyloid-negative cognitive impairment (EOnonAD) were compared.

Differences in baseline cognitive performance between participants with early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: Comparison of LEADS and ADNI.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) share similar amyloid etiology, but evidence from smaller-scale studies suggests that they manifest differently clinically. Current analyses sought to contrast the cognitive profiles of EOAD and LOAD.

Methods: Z-score cognitive-domain composites for 311 amyloid-positive sporadic EOAD and 314 amyloid-positive LOAD participants were calculated from baseline data from age-appropriate control cohorts.

Overview of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and future clinical trials.

The overall goal of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is to optimize and validate biomarkers for clinical trials while sharing all data and biofluid samples with the global scientific community. ADNI has been instrumental in standardizing and validating amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. ADNI data were used for the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the Fujirebio and Roche Elecsys cerebrospinal fluid diagnostic tests.

The effect of electronic cooling pads and Moringa oleifera supplementation from late gestation to weaning on sow production performance under heat stress conditions.

Lactating sows and their litters are particularly vulnerable to heat stress (HS). HS decreases fertility, feed intake, milk production, and litter growth of sows. Approaches are needed to mitigate the negative effects of HS on animal welfare and oxidative damage to tissues.

Evaluation of the MRX PT DOAC assay for detection of clinically relevant factor Xa inhibitor drug levels.

Background: Although routine monitoring is not needed for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), knowing if a clinically relevant DOAC level is present can be critical, especially in cases of severe bleeding or urgent surgery. Rapid assays to exclude these levels are necessary but not widely available.

Objectives: To determine the test performance of MRX PT DOAC for excluding clinically relevant DOAC drug levels.

The ADNI4 Digital Study: A novel approach to recruitment, screening, and assessment of participants for AD clinical research.

Introduction: We evaluated preliminary feasibility of a digital, culturally-informed approach to recruit and screen participants for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI4).

Methods: Participants were recruited using digital advertising and completed digital surveys (e.g.

Spaceflight alters host-gut microbiota interactions.

The ISS rodent habitat has provided crucial insights into the impact of spaceflight on mammals, inducing symptoms characteristic of liver disease, insulin resistance, osteopenia, and myopathy. Although these physiological responses can involve the microbiome on Earth, host-microbiota interactions during spaceflight are still being elucidated. We explore murine gut microbiota and host gene expression in the colon and liver after 29 and 56 days of spaceflight using multiomics.

Contributions of the ADNI Biostatistics Core.

The goal of the Biostatistics Core of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has been to ensure that sound study designs and statistical methods are used to meet the overall goals of ADNI. We have supported the creation of a well-validated and well-curated longitudinal database of clinical and biomarker information on ADNI participants and helped to make this accessible and usable for researchers. We have developed a statistical methodology for characterizing the trajectories of clinical and biomarker change for ADNI participants across the spectrum from cognitively normal to dementia, including multivariate patterns and evidence for heterogeneity in cognitive aging.

Standardized statistical framework for comparison of biomarkers: Techniques from ADNI.

Introduction: Well-chosen biomarkers have the potential to increase the efficiency of clinical trials and drug discovery and should show good precision as well as clinical validity.

Methods: We suggest measures that operationalize these criteria and describe a general approach that can be used for inference-based comparisons of biomarker performance. The methods are applied to measures obtained from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from individuals with mild dementia (n = 70) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 303) enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

The Ruminant Telomere-to-Telomere (RT2T) Consortium.

Telomere-to-telomere (T2T) assemblies reveal new insights into the structure and function of the previously 'invisible' parts of the genome and allow comparative analyses of complete genomes across entire clades. We present here an open collaborative effort, termed the 'Ruminant T2T Consortium' (RT2T), that aims to generate complete diploid assemblies for numerous species of the Artiodactyla suborder Ruminantia to examine chromosomal evolution in the context of natural selection and domestication of species used as livestock.

Production responses of multiparous dairy cattle with differing prepartum muscle reserves and supplementation of branched-chain volatile fatty acids.

Periparturient dairy cattle undergo physiological adaptations to support fetal growth and colostrum synthesis in late gestation and milk production in early lactation. To support energy and protein demands, dairy cattle mobilize body tissue reserves. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of prepartum skeletal muscle reserves and supplementation of branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA) on body composition measurements, metabolic markers related to health, protein, and energy status, and subsequent milk yield in multiparous dairy cows.

Advancing insights into microgravity induced muscle changes using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism.

Spaceflight presents significant challenges to the physiological state of living organisms. This can be due to the microgravity environment experienced during long-term space missions, resulting in alterations in muscle structure and function, such as atrophy. However, a comprehensive understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of biological systems is required to devise potential solutions and therapeutic approaches for adapting to spaceflight conditions.

Long-chain fatty acids mediate hepatic metabolic flux in preruminating dairy calves fed flaxseed oil, high oleic soybean oil, or milk fat.

Nutrition and physiological state affect hepatic metabolism. Our objective was to determine whether feeding flaxseed oil (∼50% C18:3n-3 cis), high oleic soybean oil (∼70% C18:1 cis-9), or milk fat (∼50% C16:0) alters hepatic expression of PC, PCK1, and PCK2 and the flow of carbons from propionate and pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in preruminating calves. Male Holstein calves (n = 40) were assigned to a diet of skim milk with either: 3% milk fat (MF; n = 8), 3% flaxseed oil (Flax; n = 8), 3% high oleic soybean oil (HOSO; n = 8), 1.

The neuropathological landscape of small vessel disease and Lewy pathology in a cohort of Hispanic and non-Hispanic White decedents with Alzheimer disease.

Cerebrovascular and α-synuclein pathologies are frequently observed alongside Alzheimer disease (AD). The heterogeneity of AD necessitates comprehensive approaches to postmortem studies, including the representation of historically underrepresented ethnic groups. In this cohort study, we evaluated small vessel disease pathologies and α-synuclein deposits among Hispanic decedents (HD, n = 92) and non-Hispanic White decedents (NHWD, n = 184) from three Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers: Columbia University, University of California San Diego, and University of California Davis.

Effects of an Hourly Bolus Postruminal Infusion of Flaxseed Oil or Palm Oil on Circulating Fatty Acid Concentrations and Hepatic Expression of Pyruvate Carboxylase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in Dairy Cattle.

Palmitic (C16:0), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3 ), and propionate regulate bovine pyruvate carboxylase () and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase () expression in vitro. The objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of C16:0, C18:3n-3 , propionate, and acetate postruminal infusions on hepatic and expression. We hypothesized that circulating fatty acids alter hepatic and in lactating dairy cows.

Circadian disruption decreases gluconeogenic flux in late-gestation, nonlactating dairy cows.

Cattle exposed to shifts in light-dark phases during late pregnancy develop hypoglycemia and insulin resistance. Our objective was to investigate if differences in liver carbon flux for gluconeogenesis were driving circadian-disrupted metabolic alterations in glucose homeostasis, and relate changes in carbon flux to hepatic gene expression. We hypothesized circadian disruption would decrease hepatic carbon flux for glucose synthesis.

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in the era of Alzheimer's disease treatment: A review of ADNI studies from 2021 to 2022.

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) aims to improve Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. Since 2006, ADNI has shared clinical, neuroimaging, and cognitive data, and biofluid samples. We used conventional search methods to identify 1459 publications from 2021 to 2022 using ADNI data/samples and reviewed 291 impactful studies.