Development of the athlete drinking scale.

Prior research has found that intercollegiate athletes consume more alcohol and experience more negative alcohol-related consequences than nonathletes, but no measure of sport-related reasons for alcohol use currently exists. The purpose of this study was to develop such a measure, which the authors termed the Athlete Drinking Scale (ADS). An exploratory factor analysis supported the existence of 3 subscales: Positive Reinforcement, Team/Group, and Sport-Related Stress.

Dispersal, philopatry, and infidelity: dissecting local genetic structure in superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus).

Dispersal influences evolution, demography, and social characteristics but is generally difficult to study. Here we combine long-term demographic data from an intensively studied population of superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus) and multivariate spatial autocorrelation analyses of microsatellite genotypes to describe dispersal behavior in this species. The demographic data revealed: (1) sex-biased dispersal: almost all individuals that dispersed into the study area over an eight-year period were female (93%; n = 153); (2) high rates of extragroup infidelity (66% of offspring), which also facilitated local gene dispersal; and (3) skewed lifetime reproductive success in both males and females.

TcpH influences virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae by inhibiting degradation of the transcription activator TcpP.

Expression of toxT, the transcription activator of cholera toxin and pilus production in Vibrio cholerae, is the consequence of a complex cascade of regulatory events that culminates in activation of the toxT promoter by TcpP and ToxR, two membrane-localized transcription factors. Both are encoded in operons with genes whose products, TcpH and ToxS, which are also membrane localized, are hypothesized to control their activity. In this study we analyzed the role of TcpH in controlling TcpP function.

Nutrient intakes and dietary behaviors of male and female collegiate athletes.

The purpose of this study was to assess the dietary intakes and behaviors of male and female collegiate athletes. Athletes (n =345) at a NCAA Division I university completed an anonymous questionnaire. T-tests, chi(2) statistic, and ANOVA were used to assess gender and sport differences.

Proteomics in pathology, research and practice: ethical considerations.

A researcher should always seek advice from his responsible ethics committee. Usually, advisory discussions with physicians doing research are not problematic in ethical terms when they want to examine biological material obtained, especially, when the material is no longer needed, the material will be used anonymized, no individualizing genes will be examined, the aims of research are not disputed in ethical terms, research is not expected to yield results of individual relevance to the person affected, there is no indication that the person affected will object to research and the expenditure for obtaining the individual consent is excessively high.

Effects of silage species and supplemental vitamin E on the oxidative stability of milk.

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of feeding legume silages and providing supplemental vitamin E in concentrates on the oxidative stability of milk. In experiment 1, six multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were offered 1 of 6 silage treatments in a cyclical changeover-design experiment, with four 4-wk periods. The silages were grass, red clover, white clover, alfalfa, grass and red clover mixture (50:50 on a DM basis), and grass and white clover mixture (50:50 on a DM basis).

Negative consequences of intercollegiate athlete drinking: the role of drinking motives.

Objective: Intercollegiate athletes consume more alcohol and experience more negative alcohol-related consequences than nonathletes. The purpose of this study was to determine if drinking motives accounted for variability among intercollegiate athletes in experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences, and to analyze how the strength and patterns of the relationship between individual drinking motives and negative consequences varied among the different consequences.

Method: Self-report data were analyzed on 206 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes (55% female), selected from a large, midwestern university, who reported drinking alcohol in the past year.

Phenotypic characterization of overexpression or deletion of the Escherichia coli crcA, cspE and crcB genes.

The authors have previously shown that overexpression of the Escherichia coli K-12 crcA, cspE and crcB genes protects the chromosome from decondensation by camphor. In this study they examine the phenotypic consequences of deleting or overexpressing crcA, cspE and crcB. Overexpressing crcA, cspE and crcB increases supercoiling levels of plasmids in wild-type cells and in temperature-sensitive (Ts) gyrase mutants, suppresses the sensitivity of gyrase and topoisomerase IV (topo IV) Ts mutants to nalidixic acid, makes gyrase and topo IV Ts mutants more resistant to camphor and corrects the nucleoid morphology defects in topo IV Ts mutants.

Measuring motivations for intercollegiate athlete alcohol use: a confirmatory factor analysis of the drinking motives measure.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Drinking Motives Measure (DMM) on a sample of 227 collegiate athletes. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the 4-factor structure of the DMM provided a better fit than either 2- or 1-factor models, but the overall fit of the 4-factor model was moderate at best. A revised 3-factor model consistent with prior research (M.

Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia presenting as acute generalised peritonism.

A 63 year old man presented with the signs of acute generalised peritonism in the presence of a clear chest radiograph. At laparotomy no abnormal findings were noted. Further inquiries revealed a history of recent acquisition of budgerigars, over the following days the chest radiograph developed patchy opacification.

[Day care treatment of 2 siblings with elective mutism].

This case report deals with the day care treatment of two seven- and eight-year-old siblings with elective mutism. Their treatment entails a combination of psychopharmacological and intensive behavior therapy. The multimodal therapeutic process is presented together with continuing psychosocial steps.

Relationship between intrafollicular concentrations of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and steroid hormones in oestrogenic and non-oestrogenic ovarian follicles in the mare.

The objective of the present study was to determine whether parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is present in the equine follicular fluid and if so, how it is related to the follicular development in the horse. For this purpose, ovaries were collected from 40 Thoroughbred and Thoroughbred Cross mares at slaughter during the period from February to May. Normal growing follicles were dissected from the ovaries of each mare and their diameters measured.

hCG treatment on day of mating improves embryo viability and fertility in ewe lambs.

An investigation was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing hCG at mating time on luteal function, conceptus growth, placentation and reproductive performance in TexelxClun Forest ewe lambs. After oestrus synchronisation with progestagen sponges and PMSG ewe lambs were treated either with normal saline (n=102) or 150 IU of hCG (n=105) at mating time. At 25 days after mating 24 animals were slaughtered from each group to determine embryo viability and placental development.

Microsatellite evolution at two hypervariable loci revealed by extensive avian pedigrees.

Genealogies generated through a long-term study of superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus) were used to investigate mutation within two hypervariable microsatellite loci. Of 3,230 meioses examined at the tetranucleotide locus (Mcy micro 8), 45 mutations were identified, giving a mutation rate of 1.4%.

Meta-iodobenzylguanidine induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumor cells.

Neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumors take up, decarboxylate and store large amounts of monoamines. Radioactive-labeled monoamines like the norepinephrine analogue meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) have been used for the imaging of neuroendocrine tumors for many years. MIBG is selectively taken up via norepinephrine transporters (NETs) localized in the plasma membrane of neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumor cells and thereby offers the possibility for specific and innovative therapeutic approaches.

hMLH1 and hMSH2 mutations in families with familial clustering of gastric cancer and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.

The pattern of hMLHI and hMSH2 mutations was assessed to identify the genetic correlation between hereditary gastric and colorectal cancers. Four disease groups and their healthy family members were assembled according to the presentation of gastric cancer: FG, familial clustering of gastric cancer (n = 32); CG, family with one or more colorectal and gastric cancers in first-degree relatives (n = 22); HS, seven HNPCC families corresponding to the Amsterdam criteria (AMS+) and 12 suspected HNPCC families which did not satisfy one of the criteria (AMS-), but no gastric cancer among first- and second-degree relatives (n = 19); and SG, sporadic gastric cancer (n = 33). In the CG group, three were included in AMS + and six in AMS- criteria.

Suspected HNPCC and Amsterdam criteria II: evaluation of mutation detection rate, an international collaborative study.

Background And Aims: The Korean Hereditary Tumor Registry has proposed criteria for suspected hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (S-HNPCC criteria I and II) and confirmed their validity in an international collaborative study. The S-HNPCC criteria included families that did not fulfill the Amsterdam criteria, but in whom HNPCC was nevertheless strongly suspected. The S-HNPCC criteria was also revised accordingly since some S-HNPCC families now fullfil the revised Amsterdam criteria.

An insight into the genetic pathway of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine.

Background: Although the adenoma to carcinoma pathway in colorectal cancer is well described, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in the small intestine remain unclear.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate candidate genes in the genetic pathway of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 21 non-familial, non-ampullary adenocarcinomas of the small intestine were analysed.

Ferroxidases and xanthine oxidase in plasma of healthy newborn infants.

In the neonatal period, there is a high iron load, while both the level and molar oxidase activity of ceruloplasmin are low. On the other hand, the neonatal xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is higher than later in life and XO has a significant iron-oxidizing capacity. We therefore studied the physiological contribution of XO to the ferroxidase activity of the plasma in 20 full-term newborn infants.

Protracted diarrhea: results of the five-year survey in a tertiary hospital in Korea.

The syndrome of protracted diarrhea (PD) includes several diseases with diverse etiologies. This study was conducted to characterize the spectrum of causes, clinical manifestations, and the outcomes of PD. A retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological findings was performed on 25 patients with diarrhea starting within the first 2 yr of life and a requirement of parenteral nutrition (PN).

Development of a simple in vitro assay for estimating net rumen acid load from diet ingredients.

The objective of these experiments was to develop a simple in vitro technique for evaluating the production and neutralization of acid as feeds ferment in the rumen. An in vitro approach was adopted to eliminate animal factors. The procedure was based on the method of Tilley and Terry, with some modifications developed in this project.

Extraction of thiodiglycol from soil using pressurised liquid extraction.

Thiodiglycol (TDG) is the predominant hydrolysis product of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard. The extraction of TDG was investigated using pressurised liquid extraction and the results compared for a variety of different solvents and soils. TDG was analysed underivatised by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection.

Six novel mutations of the fibrillin-1 gene in Korean patients with Marfan syndrome.

Background: Mutations in the FBN1 gene, encoding fibrillin-1, result in Marfan syndrome (MFS). According to previous reports, the mutations in FBN1 share certain characteristics in each family with variable penetrance and overlapping symptoms, even in the same genotype. In the present study, we report six novel mutations and evaluate the clinical significance of these nucleotide changes.

Effects of altering the energy and protein supply to dairy cows during the dry period. 2. Metabolic and hormonal responses.

We offered 48 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows one of three different dry-period diets for 6 wk before predicted calving: A) a grass silage and barley straw mix (60:40 on a dry-matter basis), with a low protein content; B) grass silage only (medium protein); or C) grass silage plus 0.5 kg of high protein corn gluten meal (high protein)/d. A standard grass silage-based diet was offered to all cows following calving.