Effect of glenosphere size on reverse shoulder arthroplasty revision rate: an analysis from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR).

Background: Modularity is an integral element of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Glenosphere diameter is a key component, but its effect on revision rate is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between glenosphere size and revision rates in RTSA procedures.

Allied health led post-operative hand clinic: Evaluation of an alternative model of care.

Introduction: To assist with the increasing orthopaedic workload, an allied health led hand therapy clinic was established to manage people having routine hand surgeries. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient and doctor satisfaction and safety of this alternative service delivery model.

Methods: Prospective multimethod design evaluation was undertaken by occupational therapists and physiotherapists working in the field of hand therapy.

Does the triceps-on approach affect alignment in total elbow arthroplasty? A cadaveric study.

Background: The triceps-on approach for total elbow arthroplasty has gained popularity due to the theoretical benefit of preserving the extensor mechanism. However, there is concern that the exposure may be reduced in comparison to a triceps-off approach and may affect the implant alignment achieved.

Method: Total elbow arthroplasties were implanted in 18 randomised, paired cadaveric elbows using the triceps-on or triceps-off approach.

Shared decision making by United Kingdom osteopathic students: an observational study using the OPTION-12 instrument.

Background: At the crux of patient centred care is Shared Decision Making (SDM), which benefits patient and practitioner. Despite external pressures, studies indicate that SDM remains poorly practised across a variety of healthcare professions. The degree of SDM engagement within United Kingdom osteopathic undergraduate teaching clinics is currently unknown.

Vibration therapy versus standard treatment for tennis elbow: A randomized controlled study.

Aim: To determine whether a mechanical, high-frequency vibration device (Tenease) can improve pain and function for the treatment of tennis elbow (TE), compared with standard treatment.

Methods: Adults presenting to an elbow clinic with a clinical diagnosis of TE were randomized to standard treatment with physiotherapy, activity modification and analgesia or standard treatment plus Tenease therapy. Tenease therapy consisted of a 6-week period of treatment using the Tenease device with three 10-min episodes each day.

A randomized controlled trial of arthroscopic capsular release versus hydrodilatation in the treatment of primary frozen shoulder.

Background: Arthroscopic capsular release (ACR) and hydrodilatation (HD) have been developed for the management of frozen shoulder refractory to conservative treatment. To date no randomized trial has directly compared the efficacy of both interventions. The aim of this trial was to determine whether the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) differs between patients with frozen shoulder randomized to treatment with ACR or HD.

Comparative learning curves for early complications in anatomical and reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Introduction There has been a significant increase in the implantation of reverse shoulder replacements over anatomical shoulder replacements in the past five years. Few comparative data exist comparing early complication rates and learning curves. This study aimed to evaluate the early complication rates and learning curves of a single surgeon series of anatomical and reverse shoulder replacements over the first five years of independent practice.

Distal Biceps and Triceps Injuries.

Background: Rupture of the distal biceps and triceps tendons are relatively uncommon injuries typically occurring in middle-aged males as a result of eccentric loading of the tendon.

Methods: A literature search was performed and the authors' personal experiences reported.

Results: This review discusses the diagnosis, indications and guidelines for management of these injuries and provides a description of the authors' preferred operative techniques.

Distal Humeral Fractures-Current Concepts.

Background: Distal humerus fractures constitute 2% of all fractures in the adult population. Although historically, these injuries have been treated non-operatively, advances in implant design and surgical technique have led to improved outcomes following operative fixation.

Methods: A literature search was performed and the authors' personal experiences are reported.

Distal triceps injuries (including snapping triceps): A systematic review of the literature.

Aim: To review current literature on types of distal triceps injury and determine diagnosis and appropriate management.

Methods: We performed a systematic review in PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE using the terms distal triceps tears and snapping triceps on the 10 January 2017. We excluded all animal, review, foreign language and repeat papers.

Controversies relating to the management of acromioclavicular joint dislocations.

The aim of this review is to address controversies in the management of dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint. Current evidence suggests that operative rather than non-operative treatment of Rockwood grade III dislocations results in better cosmetic and radiological results, similar functional outcomes and longer time off work. Early surgery results in better functional and radiological outcomes with a reduced risk of infection and loss of reduction compared with delayed surgery.

A systematic review of plate versus intramedullary fixation in the treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures.

The best method of fixation for clavicle fractures is not known. The purpose of this review was to examine the evidence comparing plate and intramedullary fixation for midshaft clavicle fractures. A search of MEDLINE in September 2011 identified five papers that compared plate and intramedullary fixation, and fulfilled our eligibility criteria, consisting of; one randomised controlled trial, two quasi-randomised controlled trials, and two retrospective studies.

Bilateral pisotriquetral loose bodies.

Case reports detailing diagnosis and effective treatment of pisotriquetral loose bodies are scarce. This article describes an even rarer case of bilateral pisotriquetral joint loose bodies, explores the relative diagnostic roles of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography, and outlines effective strategies used for the management of this condition drawn from the literature and our own experience.

Treatment of acute tibial shaft fractures with an expandable nailing system: a systematic review of the literature.

Locked Intramedullary Nailing is an established method of treatment for tibial shaft fractures. Locking of tibial nails is however not without its drawbacks. Locking is time consuming, and is associated with a noteworthy complication rate.

Tibial pilon fractures: a review of incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and complications.

Tibial pilon fractures are challenging to treat, as they are typically intra-articular and associated with extensive soft tissue damage. We briefly review the anatomy of the distal tibia, as well as the pathophysiology of pilon fractures. The treatment of tibial pilon fractures is still controversial in the literature, and we present some of the available options.

Total hip replacement in an adolescent patient with harlequin ichthyosis; a case report.

Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a rare autosomal recessive skin disorder. No orthopaedic procedure has previously been described on a patient with HI. We report the case of a 17-year-old patient with HI who presented with bilateral juvenile idiopathic arthritis of the hips who underwent bilateral total hip replacements.

Narrowing of the femoral neck after resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip: a comparison of cemented and uncemented femoral components.

We performed a radiographic review of a consecutive series of 87 resurfacing arthroplasties of the hip, performed between 2004 and 2006. There were 54 cemented femoral components and 33 uncemented femoral components. All of the procedures were performed by the same surgeon using the same approach.

Temporary intra-operative reduction techniques for tibial fracture fixation: A review of the literature.

Accurate intra-operative reduction and maintenance of reduction is essential for successful fixation of tibial fractures. Although many tibial fractures can be reduced with minimal manipulation, numerous techniques have been described to facilitate fixation of more difficult fractures. These include use of a traction table, manual traction techniques, temporary distracters, reduction clamps and temporary unicortical plating.

Obesity in Tonga: A cross-sectional comparative study of perceptions of body size and beliefs about obesity in lay people and nurses.

Background: Obesity is a major public health issue in Tonga, where prevalence is significantly higher than in Europe and North America. Obesity and its health-related complications are likely to increase as a result of western influences on diet and lifestyle. The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions of body size in Tongan lay people and nurses, and their beliefs about the causes of obesity and its consequences for health.

Agreement between preoperative core needle biopsy and postoperative invasive breast cancer histopathology is not dependent on the amount of clinical material obtained.

Aims: To establish the relation between the amount of breast core needle biopsy (CNB) material examined and agreement between preoperative and postoperative histopathology parameters in invasive breast cancer.

Methods: The CNB and surgical specimen histopathology reports of 113 patients with invasive breast carcinoma were reviewed and the total amount of CNB material examined for each case was determined. Agreement was calculated for tumour type, grade, mitoses, nuclear pleomorphism, and tubule formation.

Expression of mRNAs for DNA methyltransferases and methyl-CpG-binding proteins in the human female germ line, preimplantation embryos, and embryonic stem cells.

Recent evidence indicates that mammalian gametogenesis and preimplantation development may be adversely affected by both assisted reproductive and stem cell technologies. Thus, a better understanding of the developmental regulation of the underlying epigenetic processes that include DNA methylation is required. We have, therefore, monitored the expression, by PCR, of the mRNAs of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins (MBDs), and CpG binding protein (CGBP) in a developmental series of amplified cDNA samples derived from staged human ovarian follicles, oocytes, preimplantation embryos, human embryonic stem (hES) cells and in similar murine cDNA samples.

Alterations of elastin and elastase-like activities in aortae of diabetic rats.

The elastin content of the aortic muscle and the elastase-like activity of the extracts of aortic muscle were studied in spontaneously diabetic BB rats and in rats made diabetic by a single bolus i.v. injection of alloxan.

Mechanism of inhibition by alloxan of ATP-driven calcium transport by vascular smooth muscle microsomes.

The direct in vitro effects of alloxan on the Ca2+ handling by microsomal membranes isolated from dog mesenteric arteries were investigated. Preincubation of the vascular muscle microsomal membranes with alloxan showed a suppressive effect on both binding of Ca2+ (in the absence of ATP) and ATP-driven Ca2+ transport. Such an inhibition was time dependent, dose dependent, and temperature dependent.

Interactions of saponin with microsomal membranes isolated from vascular smooth muscle.

The effects of the plant glycosides extract, saponin, on various biochemical properties of microsomal fractions isolated from dog aortae and mesenteric arteries were investigated. These properties include binding and transport of Ca2+, ouabain-sensitive K+ activated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (hereafter termed K+-pNPPase) and binding of radiolabelled antagonists to adrenoceptors. We found that saponin inhibited both Ca2+ binding and transport by the vascular muscle microsomes in a dose-dependent manner, but it caused marked enhancement of the K+-pNPPase activity.

In vitro inhibition of calcium binding by alloxan and of calcium transport by isolated vascular smooth muscle microsomes.

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the possible direct toxic effect of alloxan on the Ca2+ handling by microsomal membranes isolated from rat mesenteric arteries. It was found that preincubation of the vascular muscle microsomal membranes with alloxan had a suppressive effect on both binding of Ca2+ (in the absence of ATP) and ATP-supported Ca2+ transport. Such an inhibition was time, dose, pH, and temperature dependent.