Adequacy of oral intakes after cardiac surgery within an ERAS pathway: A prospective observational study.

Background: The 2019 Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery (ERACS) guidelines presented perioperative recommendations to optimize treatment for patients undergoing cardiac surgery (CS). However, the guidelines have not established postoperative nutrition recommendations. Limited studies have analyzed oral intakes after CS, but to our knowledge, none have done so in an ERACS pathway.

Adolescent substance use: Findings from a state-wide pilot parent education program.

Background: Adolescent substance use has long been a top public health priority. In Indiana, concerning recent trends show high rates of youth alcohol consumption coupled with increasing use of opioids, synthetic marijuana, and over-the-counter drugs. Based on research indicating that parent-based prevention efforts may be a particularly effective way to target adolescent substance use, and in a direct effort to address Indiana's 2017 Strategic Plan to Address Substance Use, we conducted an applied research study targeting parents' knowledge regarding adolescent substance use in Indiana.

Literature review of the causes, treatment, and prevention of dermatitis linearis.

Background: Dermatitis linearis is a skin condition that affects both local populations and travelers alike. Dermatitis linearis is caused by some beetles within the subtribe Paederina and manifests as painful lesions, blisters and intense itching. Though outbreaks are widespread, the condition as a whole still remains relatively unknown.

Mother and Child Reports of Hurricane Related Stressors: Data from a Sample of Families Exposed to Hurricane Katrina.

Background: Families exposed to disasters such as Hurricane Katrina are at risk for numerous adverse outcomes. While previous literature suggests that the degree of disaster exposure corresponds with experiencing negative outcomes, it is unclear if parents and children report similar levels of disaster exposure.

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to examine levels of disaster stressor agreement among mother-child dyads affected by Hurricane Katrina, and to examine whether discrepancies in disaster stressor reports are associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms.

Hurricane Katrina: Maternal Depression Trajectories and Child Outcomes.

Background: The authors examined depression trajectories over two years among mothers exposed to Hurricane Katrina. Risk and protective factors for depression trajectories, as well as associations with child outcomes were analyzed.

Method: This study included 283 mothers (age at time 1, = 39.

A proof of principle clinical trial to determine whether conjugated linoleic acid modulates the lipogenic pathway in human breast cancer tissue.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is widely used as a "nutraceutical" for weight loss. CLA has anticancer effects in preclinical models, and we demonstrated in vitro that this can be attributed to the suppression of fatty acid (FA) synthesis. We tested the hypothesis that administration of CLA to breast cancer patients would inhibit expression of markers related to FA synthesis in tumor tissue, and that this would suppress tumor proliferation.

Phase II study of oral docetaxel and cyclosporine in canine epithelial cancer.

The goal of the current study was to determine the efficacy of oral docetaxel in combination with cyclosporine in the treatment of canine epithelial cancer. Requirements for eligibility were histological confirmation of epithelial neoplasia, measurable disease, no chemotherapy treatment within 2 weeks, and a life expectancy of ≥ 3 months. Fifty-one dogs were enrolled.

Oral bioavailability of etoposide after administration of a single dose to tumor-bearing dogs.

Objective: To characterize oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic disposition of etoposide when the IV formulation was administered orally to dogs.

Animals: 8 tumor-bearing dogs.

Procedures: An open-label, single-dose, 2-way crossover study was conducted.

Phase I and pharmacokinetic evaluation of the combination of orally administered docetaxel and cyclosporin A in tumor-bearing cats.

Intravenously administered docetaxel (DT) is problematic in cats because of the requirement for premedication to ameliorate acute vehicle-induced hypersensitivity reactions. Previously we have revealed that therapeutic plasma concentrations of DT can be achieved in normal and tumor-bearing dogs when DT is administered PO in combination with oral cyclosporin A (CSA). The purpose of this study was to identify the maximally tolerated dosage and characterize the pharmacokinetic disposition of oral DT combined with CSA in cats with tumors.

Modulation of cell cycle progression in human tumors: a pharmacokinetic and tumor molecular pharmacodynamic study of cisplatin plus the Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01 (NSC 638850).

Background: UCN-01, a Chk1 inhibitor, abrogates S and G(2) arrest and enhances cancer cell killing by DNA-damaging drugs in preclinical models. UCN-01 avidly binds alpha1-acid glycoprotein in plasma; whether sufficient drug concentrations are achieved in human tumors is unknown. A phase I trial tested the hypothesis that UCN-01 abrogates cisplatin-induced cell cycle arrest (in tumors) at tolerable doses.

Phase I and pharmacokinetic evaluation of the combination of orally administered docetaxel and cyclosporin A in tumor-bearing dogs.

Objective: To determine the maximum tolerated dose and characterize the pharmacokinetic disposition of an orally administered combination of docetaxel and cyclosporin A (CSA) in dogs with tumors.

Animals: 16 client-owned dogs with metastatic or advanced-stage refractory tumors.

Procedures: An open-label, dose-escalation, single-dose, phase I study of docetaxel administered in combination with a fixed dose of CSA was conducted.

Phase I trial and pharmacokinetic analysis of ifosfamide in cats with sarcomas.

Objective: To determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicosis (DLT) of ifosfamide in tumor-bearing cats.

Animals: 38 cats with resected, recurrent, or metastatic sarcomas.

Procedure: The starting dosage of ifosfamide was 400 mg/m(2) of body surface area, IV, and dosages were increased by 50 to 100 mg/m(2) in cohorts of 3 cats.

Arsenate adsorption structures on aluminum oxide and phyllosilicate mineral surfaces in smelter-impacted soils.

A clearer understanding of arsenic (As) retention and transport in forest soils impacted by copper smelter emissions may reduce risks to human health and provide insight into As behavior in the vadose zone. On Vashon-Maury Island in Puget Sound, As is predominantly associated with the fine (< 63 microm) fraction of surficial soils. X-ray diffraction of oriented samples from the < 2 microm size fraction indicate that clinochlore isthe dominant phyllosilicate.

A novel family of anticoagulants from the saliva of Ixodes scapularis.

Using biochemical and molecular approaches, we have identified a 9.8 kDa protein in the saliva of Ixodes scapularis that inhibits the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. The 9.

Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to Epstein-Barr virus in children.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were evaluated in 9 children aged 20-35 months. Autologous EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines were used to restimulate EBV-specific memory CTL precursors in vitro. Recognition of individual EBV gene products by bulk CTL lines was evaluated by combining CTL lines with B cell blasts infected with recombinant vaccinia constructs expressing single latent genes.

Isolation and analysis of murine serum amyloid P component cDNA clones.

In contrast to other animals, the biosynthesis of serum amyloid P component in mice is regulated as an acute-phase protein. As a first step in studying the regulation and biosynthesis of serum amyloid P component in the mouse, cDNA clones have been isolated from a liver cDNA library and sequenced. The largest of these clones was 960 bp in length, and contained an open reading frame encoding a protein of 224 amino acids.

Mammalian cell toxicity and bacterial mutagenicity of nitrosoimidazoles.

It is currently believed that the biological activity of such therapeutic 5-nitroimidazoles as metronidazole is mediated by a short-lived, highly toxic species that arises from nitro group reduction. We found that the 5-nitroimidazole, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-5-nitroimidazole (5-NO2), is at least 1000-fold less cytotoxic for CHO cells and mutagenic for Ames tester strain TA100 than its homologous nitroso compound, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-5-nitrosoimidazole (5-NO). Such evidence, along with previous work showing a similar relative bactericidal potency of these compounds, is consistent with the labile nitrosoimidazole being a biologically active species of the nitroimidazole, and indicates that mammalian cells are very susceptible to such an active form.

Nitrosoimidazoles: highly bactericidal analogues of 5-nitroimidazole drugs.

It is believed that metronidazole and related 5-nitroimidazoles are activated by reduction of the nitro group and that the active species has a nitrogen functionality of intermediate oxidation state. However, the preparation and isolation of the active forms of the 5-nitroimidazoles used therapeutically have proven elusive. To pursue this problem we have prepared both 1-methyl-4-phenyl-5-nitrosoimidazole (3) and 1-methyl-4-nitroso-5-phenylimidazole (5) from 4(5)-nitroso-5(4)-phenylimidazole (1).

Chemical and biological properties of acetyl derivatives of the hydroxylamino reduction products of metronidazole and dimetridazole.

Metronidazole and related 5-nitroimidazoles undergo reduction of their nitro group apparently to produce such reactive species as 5-hydroxylaminoimidazoles. To define the role of these species we have sought ways to prepare them by the catalytic reduction of metronidazole, dimetridazole and flunidazole. Although their respective 5-hydroxylaminoimidazoles were too unstable to be isolated directly, their O,N-diacetyl derivatives were isolable.

Formation of an amino reduction product of metronidazole in bacterial cultures: lack of bactericidal activity.

To investigate whether the amino reduction product of metronidazole has antibacterial activity, 5-amino-1-beta-hydroxyethyl-2-methylimidazole (AMN) was synthesized and tested against Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli strain SR58, both of which are known to be sensitive to metronidazole. Neither of these strains was found to be sensitive either to AMN or to the equivalent amine derived from dimetridazole, 5-amino-1,2-dimethylimidazole. Both of these amines are relatively stable in the presence of bacteria, making it possible to examine the bacterial reduction of radiolabeled metronidazole in the presence of AMN.

Interaction of metronidazole with DNA repair mutants of Escherichia coli.

It has been proposed that one of metronidazole's partially reduced intermediates interacts either with DNA to exert a bactericidal effect or with water to form acetamide. To test this hypothesis we have examined the effect of metronidazole on several mutants of Escherichia coli that are defective in DNA repair. UV-susceptible RecA- and UvrB- point mutants have an increased susceptibility to metronidazole as manifested by both a decreased minimal inhibitory concentration and a greater bactericidal response to metronidazole in resting cultures.