Probing Autism and ADHD subtypes using cortical signatures of the T1w/T2w-ratio and morphometry.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental conditions that share genetic etiology and frequently co-occur. Given this comorbidity and well-established clinical heterogeneity, identifying individuals with similar brain signatures may be valuable for predicting clinical outcomes and tailoring treatment strategies. Cortical myelination is a prominent developmental process, and its disruption is a candidate mechanism for both disorders.

Strategies to Optimise the Engagement of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations in Cardiac Research: A Systematic Review.

Aims: Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations remain underrepresented in cardiovascular disease (CVD) research despite their higher disease burden compared to non-CALD populations. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the available literature on strategies to engage CALD participants in CVD research.

Methods And Results: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched for literature up until May 2024.

Neighborhood Factors Related to Cancer Screening in Texas: A Spatioecological Study.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to examine the associations of neighborhood socioeconomic status, ethnic enclaves, and residential Black segregation with screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers across the state of Texas.

Methods: Using an ecologic study design, spatial clustering of low breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening rates were identified across Texas census tracts using local Moran's I statistics. Binomial spatial probit regression was used to estimate the associations between nSES, Hispanic/Latino and Asian American ethnic enclave neighborhoods and residential Black segregation with geospatial clusters of low screening, adjusting for behavioral characteristics.

Sex chromosomes and hormones independently influence healthy brain development but act similarly after cranial radiation.

The course of normal development and response to pathology are strongly influenced by biological sex. For instance, female childhood cancer survivors who have undergone cranial radiation therapy (CRT) tend to display more pronounced cognitive deficits than their male counterparts. Sex effects can be the result of sex chromosome complement (XX vs.

Card9 Broadly Regulates Host Immunity against Experimental Pulmonary 52D Infection.

The ubiquitous soil-associated fungus causes pneumonia that may progress to fatal meningitis. Recognition of fungal cell walls by C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) has been shown to trigger the host immune response. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (Card9) is an intracellular adaptor that is downstream of several CLRs.

Epidemiological analysis of fatal and non-fatal firearm injuries occurring in gun establishments in the United States, 2015-2022.

Background: Firearm-related injury represents a significant public health problem in the USA. Firearm purchasing has risen nationwide and there has been increased efforts to deploy injury prevention initiatives within gun establishments. However, firearm-related risks and harms that may occur inside these high-exposure settings are not well characterized.

Low-value health care, de-implementation, and implications for nursing research: A discussion paper.

Globally, the nursing profession constitutes the largest proportion of the health workforce; however, it is challenged by widespread workforce shortages relative to need. Strategies to promote recruitment of the nursing workforce are well-established, with a lesser focus on strategies to alleviate the burden on the existing workforce. This burden may be exacerbated by the impact of low-value health care, characterised as health care that provides little or no benefit for patients, or has the potential to cause harm.

Comparative neuroimaging of sex differences in human and mouse brain anatomy.

In vivo neuroimaging studies have established several reproducible volumetric sex differences in the human brain, but the causes of such differences are hard to parse. While mouse models are useful for understanding the cellular and mechanistic bases of sex-specific brain development, there have been no attempts to formally compare human and mouse neuroanatomical sex differences to ascertain how well they translate. Addressing this question would shed critical light on the use of the mouse as a translational model for sex differences in the human brain and provide insights into the degree to which sex differences in brain volume are conserved across mammals.

Accessibility to ERCP-performing hospitals among patients with pancreatic cancer living in SEER regions.

Background And Aims: The two most common interventions used to treat painless jaundice from pancreatic cancer are endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). Our study aimed to characterize the geographic distribution of ERCP-performing hospitals among patients with pancreatic cancer in the United States and the association between geographic accessibility to ERCP-performing hospitals and biliary interventions patients receive.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database for pancreatic cancer from 2005 to 2013.

Translating research into rural health practice: a qualitative study of perceived capability-building needs.

Introduction: The timely translation of research into practice and local policy is critical to improving healthcare delivery in rural and regional settings, and remains a concern for researchers, health professionals, health managers and policymakers alike. Successful and sustained research translation does not occur without concerted effort, support and strategies to build research translation capacity and capability. Research capacity comprises individual and organisational capabilities.

Research translation mentoring for emerging clinician researchers in rural and regional health settings: a qualitative study.

Background: Building clinician and organisation-level research translation capacity and capability is fundamental for increasing the implementation of research into health practice and policy and improving health outcomes. Research translation capacity and capability building is particularly crucial in rural and regional settings to address complex problems impacting these socially and economically disadvantaged communities. Programs to build clinicians' research translation capability typically involve training and mentoring.

Ring Expansion Alkyne Metathesis Polymerization.

The synthesis, characterization, and preliminary activity of an unprecedented tethered alkylidyne tungsten complex for ring expansion alkyne metathesis polymerization (REAMP) are reported. The tethered alkylidyne is generated rapidly by combining alkylidyne W(CBu)(CHBu)(O-2,6--CH) () with 1 equiv of an yne-ol proligand (). Characterized by NMR studies and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, complex is a dimer.

Comparative neuroimaging of sex differences in human and mouse brain anatomy.

In vivo neuroimaging studies have established several reproducible volumetric sex differences in the human brain, but the causes of such differences are hard to parse. While mouse models are useful for understanding the cellular and mechanistic bases of sex-biased brain development in mammals, there have been no attempts to formally compare mouse and human sex differences across the whole brain to ascertain how well they translate. Addressing this question would shed critical light on use of the mouse as a translational model for sex differences in the human brain and provide insights into the degree to which sex differences in brain volume are conserved across mammals.

A protocol for the Heart Matters stepped wedge cluster randomised trial: The effectiveness of heart attack education in regions at highest-risk.

Aim: To describe the Heart Matters (HM) trial which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a community heart attack education intervention in high-risk areas in Victoria, Australia. These local government areas (LGAs) have high rates of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), cardiovascular risk factors, and low rates of emergency medical service (EMS) use for ACS.

Methods: The trial follows a stepped-wedge cluster randomised design, with eight clusters (high-risk LGAs) randomly assigned to transition from control to intervention every four months.

A Holistic and Community-Based Service Program Promoting Mental Health among Latina Breast Cancer Survivors and Informal Caregivers.

This report discusses the components and uptake of a holistic-health community-based service program designed to promote mental health among Latina breast cancer survivors and their caregivers. Salud Holística para la Mujer's (SAHOM) strategic plan tackled all phases of the mental health prevention continuum and of the cancer care continuum.

Automated detection of regions of interest in cartridge case images using deep learning.

This paper explores a deep-learning approach to evaluate the position of circular delimiters in cartridge case images. These delimiters define two regions of interest (ROI), corresponding to the breech face and the firing pin impressions, and are placed manually or by an image-processing algorithm. This positioning bears a significant impact on the performance of the image-matching algorithms for firearm identification, and an automated evaluation method would be beneficial to any computerized system.

Barriers and enablers to screening, management and referral of sleep disorders in patients attending cardiac rehabilitation: A qualitative descriptive study.

Aims: To examine healthcare professional's knowledge about assessment and management of sleep disorders for cardiac patients and to describe the barriers to screening and management in cardiac rehabilitation settings.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews.

Frequent hospital presenters' use of health information during COVID-19: results of a cross-sectional survey.

Background: High-frequency hospital users often present with chronic and complex health conditions and are at increased risk of serious morbidity and mortality if they contract COVID-19. Understanding where high-frequency hospital users are sourcing their information, whether they understand what they find, and how they apply the information to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is essential for health authorities to be able to target communication approaches.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey of 200 frequent hospital users (115 with limited English proficiency) informed by the WHO's "Rapid, simple, flexible behavioral insights on COVID-19".

Patients' perspectives of factors influencing active participation in healthcare interactions: A qualitative study.

Objective: To understand patients' perspectives of factors influencing their active participation in healthcare interactions.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative approach informed by naturalistic inquiry was used to secondarily analyse interview and focus group data from a study that co-designed a communication-skills learning resource for patients. The COM-B Behaviour Model was used to explore factors that influenced patient participation in healthcare communication.

Integrating post-fracture care into the primary care setting (interFRACT): Protocol for a mixed-methods study to co-design a care program to improve rates of osteoporosis and fracture treatment.

Introduction: Despite evidence showing that timely diagnosis and appropriate pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis reduces subsequent fracture rates, osteoporosis remains significantly underdiagnosed and undertreated. The large and ongoing treatment gap for osteoporosis and associated fragility fractures could be addressed by considering systematic approaches for post-fracture care in the primary care setting. This study will develop the Integrating Post-Fracture Care into Primary Care (interFRACT) care program that aims to enhance diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and improve initiation and adherence to fracture prevention strategies for older adults in the primary care setting.