Utilization of an undergraduate emergency department research associate program for the screening and recruitment of research subjects with heart failure into a clinical study.

Background: Enrolling heart failure (HF) patients in clinical studies is challenging. Emergency department (ED) may use students as research associates programs, such as the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) ED Research Associate (EDRA) program, to screen and consent patients for clinical studies. This manuscript examines the effectiveness of the URMC EDRA program in consenting HF patients into a clinical study.

Randomized clinical trial protocol of an app-based intervention to prevent postpartum depression.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an asynchronously delivered app, InBloom, for postpartum depression (PPD) prevention relative to an evidence-based synchronously delivered in-person intervention, ROSE (Reach Out, Stay Strong, Essentials for mothers of newborns) for depression and return on investment via a prospective randomized controlled trial and quasi-experimental cohort analyses.

Background: PPD affects 1 in 7 gestational parents in the US, causing emotional distress, consequences for infant development and child adjustment, disruptions in family relationships, and financial burden. ROSE is an evidence-based intervention administered as four in-person group sessions plus one postpartum booster session.

Increasing Uptake of Lung Cancer Screening Among Emergency Department Patients: A Pilot Study.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Lung cancer screening (LCS) decreases lung cancer mortality. Emergency department (ED) patients are at disproportionately high risk for lung cancer.

An assessment of beliefs about mental health care among community-based adults with severe, untreated alcohol use disorder.

Objective: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is among the most prevalent substance use disorders in the USA. Despite availability of effective interventions, treatment initiation and engagement remain low. Existing interventions target motivation and practical barriers to accessing treatment among individuals established within treatment systems.

Intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening among emergency department patients: results from a randomised pilot study.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Emergency departments (ED) represent a promising setting to address preventive health measures like CRC screening.

Objectives: The current study adapted an existing cervical cancer screening intervention for use in catalysing CRC screening.

A Pilot Study Investigating the Use of Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein to Monitor Changes in Brain White Matter Integrity After Repetitive Head Hits During a Single Collegiate Football Game.

Repetitive head hits (RHHs) in sports and military settings are increasingly recognized as a risk factor for adverse neurological outcomes, but they are not currently tracked. Blood-based biomarkers of concussion have recently been shown to increase after nonconcussive RHHs during a single sporting contest, raising the possibility that they could be used in real time to monitor the brain's early response to repeated asymptomatic head hits. To test this hypothesis, we measured GFAP in serum immediately before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 45 min (T2) after a single collegiate football game in 30 athletes.

Brief, cognitive-behavioral intervention to promote treatment seeking in adults with severe alcohol use disorder: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: There is little RCT evidence that brief interventions improve treatment seeking in individuals with severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) or treatment seeking reduces alcohol use. The aim was to test the efficacy of a brief intervention to increase treatment seeking in treatment naïve adults with severe AUD and measure its effects on alcohol use.

Design: Parallel group, non-pharmacologic RCT with intervention (n = 197) and active control (n = 203) conditions, with blinded assessors conducting follow-ups at 1, 3 and 6 months.

A scalable approach to determine cervical cancer screening needs among emergency department patients in the United States.

The emergency department patient population is disproportionately under-screened for cancer, making it an optimal environment to promote cancer screening among hard-to-reach populations and those without routine access to primary care. The first step in a cancer screening process is identifying screening eligibility (e.g.

Intervention during wait time: identification and referral of individuals non-adherent for colorectal cancer screening.

Background: Despite unanimous recommendations from numerous specialty societies on regular colorectal cancer screening, a substantial proportion of eligible adults are non-adherent with screening. The current study investigated whether research associates (RAs) in the emergency department (ED) can adequately assess patients' adherence with colorectal cancer screening recommendations, outlined by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), and provide referrals to individuals who are found to be non-adherent.

Methods: RAs at seven heterogeneous hospitals in the USA queried non-emergent adult patients and visitors between the ages of 50 and 75.

Effects of Physical Exertion on Early Changes in Blood-Based Brain Biomarkers: Implications for the Acute Point of Care Diagnosis of Concussion.

Blood-based brain biomarkers (BBM) such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) have potential to aid in the diagnosis of concussion. Recently developed point-of-care test devices would enable BBMs to be measured in field settings such military and sport environments within minutes of a suspicious head hit. However, head hits in these environments typically occur in the setting of vigorous physical exertion, which can itself increase BBMs levels.

Alcohol use during COVID-19 in adults with severe untreated AUD.

Evidence demonstrating increased alcohol use during COVID-19 comes from low- to moderate-alcohol use samples and has yet to use adults with severe but untreated AUD. Using a community sample of adults with severe AUD, this exploratory, cross-sectional study examined associations of COVID-19 alcohol use. Participants were recruited for a phase-II RCT.

Heterogeneity in Alcohol-Related Severity and Interests in Going to Treatment in Community Adults with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).

Rationale: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent among adults in the US and is associated with substantial personal and societal costs. Yet only a small percentage of adults with AUD initiate treatment, including those with severe AUD symptoms who are most in need of treatment. In this paper we use latent profile analysis (LPA) to describe differences in symptoms of AUD severity and alcohol-related consequences among untreated adults with severe AUD symptoms who were recruited from the community.

Characterization of older adults with cancer seeking acute emergency department care: A prospective observational study.

Introduction: Disparities in care of older adults in cancer treatment trials and emergency department (ED) use exist. This report provides a baseline description of older adults ≥65 years old who present to the ED with active cancer.

Materials And Methods: Planned secondary analysis of the Comprehensive Oncologic Emergencies Research Network observational ED cohort study sponsored by the National Cancer Institute.

Palliative Care Needs and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Advanced Cancer in the Emergency Department.

Older adults with cancer use the emergency department (ED) for acute concerns. Characterize the palliative care needs and clinical outcomes of advanced cancer patients in the ED. A planned secondary data analysis of the Comprehensive Oncologic Emergencies Research Network (CONCERN) data.

Alcohol-related consequences and the intention to seek care in treatment naïve women and men with severe alcohol use disorder.

Introduction: Research on treatment utilization for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is based primarily on clinical samples and community samples of low AUD severity that may not need formal care. Using a community sample of adults with untreated but severe AUD symptoms, we tested the hypothesis that alcohol-related consequences, but not alcohol consumption levels, are associated with the intention to seek AUD treatment, examined associations of specific types of alcohol-related consequences with intention, and explored sex differences in these associations.

Methods: The sample was recruited using social media ads for a randomized controlled trial to test a brief intervention to promote AUD treatment seeking.

Parenting, health, and use of medications among college youth: The PHARMACY survey study.

Prescription medication misuse represents a major public health concern, with high rates of negative consequences observed among youth. The current study examines the potential roles parents can play in mitigating youth prescription-related harm, with a particular focus on opioid and antibiotic safety. A sample of 167 students from a mid-sized college in the Northeast U.

Observation unit use among patients with cancer following emergency department visits: Results of a multicenter prospective cohort from CONCERN.

Purpose: Emergency department (ED) visits by patients with cancer frequently end in hospitalization. As concerns about ED and hospital crowding increase, observation unit care may be an important strategy to deliver safe and efficient treatment for eligible patients. In this investigation, we compared the prevalence and clinical characteristics of cancer patients who received observation unit care with those who were admitted to the hospital from the ED.

Academic and Professional Outcomes of Participants in an Emergency Department Research Associate Program.

Objectives: Studies have found that participation in emergency department research associate (EDRA) programs is associated with medical school acceptance. However, little is known about the association between EDRA program participation and other academic and professional outcomes. We sought to characterize the academic and professional outcomes of EDRA program participants and their perception of program influence on academic and professional outcomes.

Classification of Comprehensive Neuro-Ophthalmologic Measures of Postacute Concussion.

Importance: Symptom-based methods of concussion diagnosis in contact sports result in underdiagnosis and repeated head injury exposure, increasing the risk of long-term disability. Measures of neuro-ophthalmologic (NO) function have the potential to serve as objective aids, but their diagnostic utility is unknown.

Objective: To identify NO measures that accurately differentiate athletes with and without concussion.

Cancer pain management in the emergency department: a multicenter prospective observational trial of the Comprehensive Oncologic Emergencies Research Network (CONCERN).

Purpose: Many patients with cancer seek care for pain in the emergency department (ED). Prospective research on cancer pain in this setting has historically been insufficient. We conducted this study to describe the reported pain among cancer patients presenting to the ED, how pain is managed, and how pain may be associated with clinical outcomes.

Retrospective analysis of the hemodynamic consequences of prehospital supplemental oxygen in acute stroke.

Objective: Hyperoxia, the delivery of high levels of supplemental oxygen (sO) despite normoxia, may increase cerebral oxygenation to penumbral tissue and improve stroke outcomes. However, it may also alter peripheral hemodynamic profiles with potential negative effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF). This study examines the hemodynamic consequences of prehospital sO in stroke.

Identifying Cancer Screening Adherence in the Emergency Department Utilizing Research Associates.

Background: Despite the demonstrated benefits of regular screening, a large proportion of the adult female population are out of compliance with recommendations from specialty societies regarding breast and cervical cancer.

Objective: The current study investigated whether research associates (RAs) in the emergency department (ED) can usefully assess patients' recent compliance with breast and cervical cancer screening (BCCS) recommendations and provide information regarding how patients may access any recommended screening when it is overdue.

Methods: RAs at 5 heterogeneous hospitals in the United States approached willing nonemergent female patients and visitors between the ages of 21 and 74 years.

Spatial regression analysis of MR diffusion reveals subject-specific white matter changes associated with repetitive head impacts in contact sports.

Repetitive head impacts (RHI) are a growing concern due to their possible neurocognitive effects, with research showing a season of RHI produce white matter (WM) changes seen on neuroimaging. We conducted a secondary analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data for 28 contact athletes to compare WM changes. We collected pre-season and post-season DTI scans for each subject, approximately 3 months apart.