Literature review and protocol for a prospective multicentre cohort study on multimodal prediction of seizure recurrence after unprovoked first seizure.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures. Almost half of patients who have an unprovoked first seizure (UFS) have additional seizures and develop epilepsy. No current predictive models exist to determine who has a higher risk of recurrence to guide treatment.

Robotic assessment of sensorimotor and cognitive deficits in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) frequently demonstrate impairments in executive function, working memory, and/or declarative memory. It is recommended that screening for cognitive impairment is undertaken in all people newly diagnosed with epilepsy. However, standard neuropsychological assessments are a limited resource and thus not available to all.

Influence of improved antenatal detection on the outcomes of complete atrioventricular block diagnosed in fetal-neonatal life and childhood periods - a single-centre experience in South Wales for 55 years.

Objective: This study aimed to analyse the influence of improved antenatal detection on the course, contemporary outcomes, and mortality risk factors of the complete atrioventricular block during fetal-neonatal and childhood periods in South Wales.

Methods: The clinical characteristics and outcomes of complete atrioventricular block in patients without structural heart disease at the University Hospital of Wales from January 1966 to April 2021 were studied. Patients were divided into two groups according to their age at diagnosis: I-fetal-neonatal and II-childhood.

Technical Note: Impact of impurities on Yttrium-90 glass microsphere activity quantitation.

Background: Glass Y microspheres are produced with known radionuclide impurities. These impurities are not independently monitored. Clinical instruments, including ionization chamber dose calibrators and positron emmission tomography (PET) cameras, can be much more sensitive in detecting signals from these impurities than to signals from Y itself.

Radiochemical Quality Control Methods for Radium-223 and Thorium-227 Radiotherapies.

The majority of radiopharmaceuticals for use in disease detection and targeted treatment undergo a single radioactive transition (decay) to reach a stable ground state. Complex emitters, which produce a series of daughter radionuclides, are emerging as novel radiopharmaceuticals. The need for validation of chemical and radiopurity with such agents using common quality control instrumentation is an area of active investigation.

Predictors of Respiratory Support Use in Emergency Department Patients With COVID-19-Related Respiratory Failure.

Background: Given the known downstream implications of choice of respiratory support on patient outcomes, all factors influencing these decisions, even those not limited to the patient, warrant close consideration. We examined the effect of emergency department (ED)-specific system factors, such as work load and census, on the use of noninvasive versus invasive respiratory support.

Methods: We conducted a multi-center retrospective cohort study of all adult subjects with severe COVID-19 requiring an ICU admission from 5 EDs within a single urban health care system.

SUVfdg: A standard-uptake-value (SUV) body habitus normalizer specific to fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in humans.

Purpose: To devise a new body-habitus normalizer to be used in the calculation of an SUV that is specific to the PET tracer 18F-FDG.

Methods: A cohort of 481-patients was selected for analysis of 18F-FDG uptake into tissues unaffected by their disease. Among these, 65-patients had only brain concentrations measured and the remaining 416 were randomly divided into an 86-patient test set and a 330-patient training set.

Optimizing reconstruction parameters for quantitative I-PET in the presence of therapeutic doses of I.

Background: The goal of this work was to determine the quantitative accuracy and optimal reconstruction parameters for I-PET imaging in the presence of therapeutic levels of I. In this effort, images were acquired on a GE D710 PET/CT scanner using a NEMA IEC phantom with spheres containing I and increasing amounts of I activity in the background. At each activity level, two scans were acquired, one with the phantom centered in the field of view (FOV) and one 11.

Patient Size-Dependent Dosimetry Methodology Applied to F-FDG Using New ICRP Mesh Phantoms.

Despite the known influence of anatomic variability on internal dosimetry, dosimetry for F-FDG and other diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals is routinely derived using reference phantoms, which embody population-averaged morphometry for a given age and sex. Moreover, phantom format affects dosimetry estimates to varying extent. Here, we applied newly developed mesh format reference phantoms and a patient-dependent phantom library to assess the impact of height, weight, and body contour variation on dosimetry of F-FDG.

Use of antimicrobials for food animals in New Zealand: updated estimates to identify a baseline to measure targeted reductions.

Aim: To describe the use of antimicrobial drugs for food animals in New Zealand, based on sales data reported to government for 2005-2018, to provide a baseline to determine the success of measures to reduce antimicrobial use for food animals and to compare usage to selected European countries.

Methods: Data were sourced from official government and industry reports to update previous estimates of use (as amount sold) of antimicrobial products applied to animals in New Zealand. The data included antimicrobial sales and animal populations, weighted where appropriate by breed and age class.

Comparison of Ga-DOTA-JR11 PET/CT with dosimetric Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan (Lu-DOTA-JR11) SPECT/CT in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors undergoing peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.

Purpose: Paired imaging/therapy with radiolabeled somatostatin receptor (SSTR) antagonists is a novel approach in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The aim of this study was to compare tumor uptake of Ga-DOTA-JR11 and Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan (Lu-DOTA-JR11) in patients with NETs.

Methods: As part of a prospective clinical trial, 20 patients with metastatic NETs underwent Ga-DOTA-JR11 PET/CT and serial imaging with Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan.

First-in-Humans Trial of Dasatinib-Derivative Tracer for Tumor Kinase-Targeted PET.

We developed a first-of-kind dasatinib-derivative imaging agent, F-SKI-249380 (F-SKI), and validated its use for noninvasive in vivo tyrosine kinase-targeted tumor detection in preclinical models. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using F-SKI for PET imaging in patients with malignancies. Five patients with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer, renal cell cancer, or leukemia underwent whole-body PET/CT imaging 90 min after injection of F-SKI (mean, 241.

F-Fluorocholine PET uptake correlates with pathologic evidence of recurrent tumor after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases.

Purpose: Radiographic changes of brain metastases after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can signify tumor recurrence and/or radiation necrosis (RN); however, standard imaging modalities cannot easily distinguish between these two entities. We investigated whether F-Fluorocholine uptake in surgical samples of the resected lesions correlates with pathologic evidence of recurrent tumor and PET imaging.

Methods: About 14 patients previously treated with SRS that developed radiographic changes were included.

Correction to: F-Fluciclovine (F-FACBC) PET imaging of recurrent brain tumors.

The article F-Fluciclovine (F-FACBC) PET imaging of recurrent brain tumors written by Laure Michaud, B. J. Beattie, T.

F-Fluciclovine (F-FACBC) PET imaging of recurrent brain tumors.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy of F-Fluciclovine brain PET imaging in recurrent gliomas, and to compare the utility of these images to that of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to [C-methyl]-L-methionine (C-Methionine) PET imaging. We also sought to gain insight into the factors affecting the uptake of F-FACBC in both tumors and normal brain, and specifically to evaluate how the uptake in these tissues varied over an extended period of time post injection.

Methods: Twenty-seven patients with recurrent or progressive primary brain tumor (based on clinical and MRI/CT data) were studied using dynamic F-Fluciclovine brain imaging for up to 4 h.

Preclinical efficacy of hK2 targeted [Lu]hu11B6 for prostate cancer theranostics.

Androgen ablating drugs increase life expectancy in men with metastatic prostate cancer, but resistance inevitably develops. In a majority of these recurrent tumors, the androgen axis is reactivated in the form of increased androgen receptor (AR) expression. Targeting proteins that are expressed as a down-stream effect of AR activity is a promising rationale for management of this disease.

Prospective Study of the Radiolabeled GRPR Antagonist BAY86-7548 for Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging of Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer.

Background: Current imaging techniques may not detect all prostate cancer (PCa) lesions.

Objective: To evaluate positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) using the radiolabeled GRPR antagonist probe BAY86-7548 (Ga-RM2) for localization of newly diagnosed PCa in comparison with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), histopathology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a prospective study of 16 men with biopsy-proven PCa (2 low, 8 intermediate, and 6 high risk).

Assessment of Simplified Methods for Quantification of F-FDHT Uptake in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

F-fluorodihydrotestosterone (F-FDHT) PET/CT potentially provides a noninvasive method for assessment of androgen receptor expression in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The objective of this study was to assess simplified methods for quantifying F-FDHT uptake in mCRPC patients and to assess effects of tumor perfusion on these F-FDHT uptake metrics. Seventeen mCRPC patients were included in this prospective observational multicenter study.

Proposed changes to the ACR phantom filling procedure for more accurate and consistent activity concentrations.

Objectives: The phantom filling procedures currently specified by the American College of Radiology (ACR) for its PET accreditation program unnecessarily limit how tight the tolerances can be made on the accuracy requirements for the concentrations measured in the resultant images.

Methods: New procedures are proposed to improve the accuracy and consistency of the concentrations within the phantom at the time of imaging. These improvements are gained by exchanging the difficult process of accurately measuring a dose with the more easily achieved accurate measurements of time and liquid volume to control final radioactivity concentrations.

Training: improving antenatal detection and outcomes of congenital heart disease.

Objectives: This study describes the design, delivery and efficacy of a regional fetal cardiac ultrasound training programme. This programme aimed to improve the antenatal detection of congenital heart disease (CHD) and its effect on fetal and postnatal outcomes.

Design Setting And Participants: This was a prospective study that compared antenatal CHD detection rates by professionals from 13 hospitals in Wales before and after engaging in our 'skills development programme'.