Prolonged Outbreak of Carbapenem and Colistin-Resistant at a Large Tertiary Hospital in Brazil.

Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, such as carbapenem and colistin-resistant (ColR-CRKP), represent a major problem for health systems worldwide and have high lethality. This study investigated the genetic relationship, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and resistance mechanisms to ColR-CRKP isolates from patients infected/colonized in a tertiary hospital in Salvador, Bahia/Brazil. From September 2016 to January 2018, 46 patients (56 ColR-CRKP positive cultures) were enrolled in the investigation but clinical and demographic data were obtained from 31 patients.

High levels of gut carriage of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in community settings in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The prevalence and risk factors for gut carriage of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli among individuals living in the community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of colonization with antimicrobial-resistant E. coli, including isolates producing ESBL and harboring plasmid-mediated quinolone resistant (PMQR) genes in this community.

OXA-181 carbapenemase carried on an IncX3 plasmid in high-risk Escherichia coli ST167 isolated from a traveler returning from Sub-Saharan Africa to Brazil.

This is the first detection and genomic analysis of an OXA-181-carbapenemase-producing E. coli in Brazil, from a traveler returning from Sub-Saharan Africa. The ST167 isolate carries bla inserted in an IncX3 plasmid.

Acquisition of antimicrobial resistance determinants in Enterobacterales by international travelers from a large urban setting in Brazil.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is increased by international mobility. We present data about intestinal colonization of travelers departing from a middle-income country.

Methods: Travelers were recruited from 2015 to 2019, collected an anal stool specimen and answered a questionnaire before and after travel.

Prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant and broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant community-acquired urinary tract infections in Rio de Janeiro: Impact of Escherichia coli genotypes ST69 and ST131.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the leading cause of community-acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI). The increasing prevalence of CA-UTI caused by UPEC strains resistant to broad-spectrum drugs complicates clinical management of these infections. Here we assessed the prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance, genotypes and beta-lactamase genes among UPEC isolated from cases of CA-UTI in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during November 2015 to determine if the prevalence of drug-resistant CA-UTI is determined by multiple genotypes of resistant UPEC or dissemination of key lineages of UPEC.

A novel plasmid-encoded mcr-4.3 gene in a colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strain.

Objectives: To identify the molecular mechanism of colistin resistance in an MDR Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strain isolated in 2008 from a meningitis case in Brazil.

Methods: Long- and short-read WGS was used to identify colistin resistance genes in A. baumannii strain 597A with a colistin MIC of 64 mg/L.

CTX-M- and pAmpC-Encoding Genes Are Associated with Similar Mobile Genetic Elements in Isolated from Different Brands of Brazilian Chicken Meat.

In this study we characterized the genetic environment of and genes carried by 46 isolates obtained from 20 chicken carcasses produced by five different brands in Brazil, including exporters and antibiotic-free-certified producers, purchased between 2010 and 2014. Similar plasmids characterized according to size and incompatibility group (Inc) were identified in belonging to different MLST-ST collected, regardless of carcass brand or production system. Hybridization assays with transconjugant strains revealed that gene ( = 19) was located on 85 kb plasmids of IncB/O, IncI1, IncFIB, or nontypeable groups.

Colistin resistance emerges in pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae epidemic clones in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important human pathogen, able to accumulate and disseminate a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes. Resistance to colistin, one of the last therapeutic options for multi-drug-resistant bacteria, has been reported increasingly. Colistin-resistant K.

Diversity of clonal types of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing infections in intensive care neonatal patients in a large urban setting.

Background: Klebsiella infections are reported from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide, but data on their incidence and genetic diversity remain scarce.

Objective: We determined the incidence and genetic diversity of Klebsiella infections in NICU patients in Rio de Janeiro.

Methods: This was a prospective study including newborns admitted to NICU in three hospitals during April 2005-November 2006 and March 2008-February 2009.

Draft Genome Sequence of a Tetracycline-Resistant Plesiomonas shigelloides Strain Isolated from Aquaculture-Reared Tilapia.

We hereby present the 3.7-Mb draft genome sequence of Plesiomonas shigelloides strain FM82, isolated from a tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in a fish farm in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. P.

Early prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium amycolatum: the first case reported in Brazil.

Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium species are usually considered as contaminants of clinical specimens due to their widely environmental distribution and colonization of the human skin and mucous membranes. However, these bacteria have been increasingly recognized as agents of life-threatening infections mainly in individuals in immunosuppressive conditions. These organisms have vast variation in morphology and biochemical reaction, characteristics that make the correct identification of Corynebacterium at the species level extremely difficult using conventional phenotypic methods.

High-Level Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Wild Birds in a Large Urban Environment.

Intensive clinical use of antibiotics together with inadequate sanitation in an urban environment may contribute to the dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in the community. Wild birds living in these areas may become colonized with such organisms and further disseminate these resistant bacteria. In this study, we examined Escherichia coli isolates from the intestine of wild birds in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for those expressing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase, and other drug resistances.

Preventing diseases in round-the-world travelers: a contemporary challenge for travel medicine advice.

Providing advice for travelers embarking on long-term trips poses a challenge in travel medicine. A long duration of risk exposure is associated with underuse of protective measures and poor adherence to chemoprophylaxis, increasing the chances of acquiring infections. Recently, in our clinic, we observed an increase in the number of travelers undertaking round-the-world trips.

Phylogeny and antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Resistance in is a global public health challenge. However, little is known about . isolates from Brazil.

Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: history, molecular mechanisms and epidemiological aspects of an emerging global threat.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the agent of gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection with an estimate from The World Health Organization of 78 million new cases in people aged 15-49 worldwide during 2012. If left untreated, complications may include pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Antimicrobial treatment is usually effective; however, resistance has emerged successively through various molecular mechanisms for all the regularly used therapeutic agents throughout decades.

Recovered from Humans, Food, and Recreational Waters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

is an important agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) in young women, but information about this pathogen in human microbiota and in common environment is lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize isolates from genitoanal microbiota of 621 pregnant women, 10 minas cheese packs, and five beaches in Rio de Janeiro city and compare PFGE profiles of these isolates with five UTI PFGE clusters described in this city. We investigated 65 isolates from microbiota, 13 from minas cheese, and 30 from beaches and 32 UTI isolates.

Escherichia coli sequence type 73 as a cause of community acquired urinary tract infection in men and women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Escherichia coli clones ST131, ST69, ST95, and ST73 are frequent causes of urinary tract infections (UTI) and bloodstream infections. Specific clones and virulence profiles of E. coli causing UTI in men has been rarely described.

Modified Carba NP test for the detection of carbapenemase production in gram-negative rods: optimized handling of multiple samples.

The modified Carba NP test presented here may be a valuable tool for laboratories interested in investigating a large number of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in a less-costly way. The test was evaluated against 48 carbapenemase-producing and carbapenemase-non-producing gram-negative bacteria. No false-positive results were obtained, but false-negative results were observed with OXA-23- and GES-carbapenemase-producing isolates.

The Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identification versus biochemical tests: a study with enterobacteria from a dairy cattle environment.

Mastitis adversely affects milk production and in general cows do not regain their full production levels post recovery, leading to considerable economic losses. Moreover the percentage decrease in milk production depends on the specific pathogen that caused the infection and enterobacteria are responsible for this greater reduction. Phenotypic tests are among the currently available methods used worldwide to identify enterobacteria; however they tend to misdiagnose the species despite the multiple tests carried out.

Mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in endemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates after an SPM-1 metallo-β-lactamase producing strain subsided in an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in Brazil.

Carbapenem-resistance mechanisms are a challenge in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. We investigated changes in P. aeruginosa carbapenem-resistance determinants over a time period of eight years after the emergence of São Paulo metallo-β-lactamase in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

A new trilocus sequence-based multiplex-PCR to detect major Acinetobacter baumannii clones.

A collection of 163 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates detected in a large Brazilian hospital, was potentially related with the dissemination of four clonal complexes (CC): 113/79, 103/15, 109/1 and 110/25, defined by University of Oxford/Institut Pasteur multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes. The urge of a simple multiplex-PCR scheme to specify these clones has motivated the present study. The established trilocus sequence-based typing (3LST, for ompA, csuE and blaOXA-51-like genes) multiplex-PCR rapidly identifies international clones I (CC109/1), II (CC118/2) and III (CC187/3).

Widespread distribution of CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases in Escherichia coli from Brazilian chicken meat.

The dissemination of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes may pose a substantial public health risk. In the present work, the occurrences of blaCTX-M and plasmid-mediated ampC and qnr genes were investigated in Escherichia coli from 16 chicken carcasses produced by four commercial brands in Brazil. Of the brands tested, three were exporters, including one of organic chicken.

Rapid induction of high-level carbapenem resistance in heteroresistant KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Enterobacteriaceae strains producing the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) have disseminated worldwide, causing an urgent threat to public health. KPC-producing strains often exhibit low-level carbapenem resistance, which may be missed by automated clinical detection systems. In this study, eight Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with heterogeneous resistance to imipenem were used to elucidate the factors leading from imipenem susceptibility to high-level resistance as defined by clinical laboratory testing standards.