Potential healthcare resource use and associated costs of every 2 month injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine long-acting regimen implementation in the Spanish National Healthcare System compared to daily oral HIV treatments.

Introduction: HIV treatment currently consists of daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cabotegravir + rilpivirine long-acting (CAB + RPV LA) is the first ART available in Spain administered every 2 months through intramuscular injection by a healthcare professional (HCP). The objective of this analysis was to assess potential healthcare resource use (HRU) and cost impact of implementing CAB + RPV LA vs.

Contribution of cabotegravir + rilpivirine long-acting for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Objective: To determine the value contribution of cabotegravir + rilpivirine, the first injectable every two months long-acting antiretroviral  regimen, using multi-criteria decision analysis.

Method: The study was developed in two phases. After a small pilot, a field  ork study with a larger number of multidisciplinary experts was carried out.

Economic and epidemiologic impact of guidelines for early ART initiation irrespective of CD4 count in Spain.

Introduction: Emerging data suggest that early antiretroviral therapy (ART) could reduce serious AIDS and non-AIDS events and deaths but could also increase costs. In January 2016, the Spanish guidelines were updated to recommend ART at any CD4 count. However, the epidemiologic and economic impacts of early ART initiation in Spain remain unclear.

Deep-Sequencing Analysis of the Dynamics of HIV-1 Quasiespecies in Naive Patients during a Short Exposure to Maraviroc.

In this study, we have characterized quasispecies dynamics and the evolution of viral tropism in naive HIV-1-infected patients treated with a short course of maraviroc monotherapy (ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT01060618) independently of the tropism of the infecting virus.

Maraviroc Is Associated with Latent HIV-1 Reactivation through NF-κB Activation in Resting CD4 T Cells from HIV-Infected Individuals on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.

Maraviroc is a CCR5 antagonist used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. We and others have suggested that maraviroc could reactivate latent HIV-1. To test the latency-reversing potential of maraviroc and the mechanisms involved, we performed a phase II, single-center, open-label study in which maraviroc was administered for 10 days to 20 HIV-1-infected individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (EudraCT registration no.

Screening for precancerous anal lesions with P16/Ki67 immunostaining in HIV-infected MSM.

Background: Screening of anal cancer in HIV-infected MSM with anal cytology results in high rates of false positive results and elevated burden of high-resolution anoscopies. High-risk HPV up-regulates p16 and Ki67 expression in epithelial cells. We assessed the usefulness of P16/Ki-67 immunostaining cytology for the diagnosis of precancerous anal lesions.

Economic impact of optimising antiretroviral treatment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults with suppressed viral load in Spain, by implementing the grade A-1 evidence recommendations of the 2015 GESIDA/National AIDS Plan.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to estimate the economic impact associated with the optimisation of triple antiretroviral treatment (ART) in patients with undetectable viral load according to the recommendations from the GeSIDA/PNS (2015) Consensus and their applicability in the Spanish clinical practice.

Methods: A pharmacoeconomic model was developed based on data from a National Hospital Prescription Survey on ART (2014) and the A-I evidence recommendations for the optimisation of ART from the GeSIDA/PNS (2015) consensus. The optimisation model took into account the willingness to optimise a particular regimen and other assumptions, and the results were validated by an expert panel in HIV infection (Infectious Disease Specialists and Hospital Pharmacists).

Incidence and clearance of anal high-risk human papillomavirus in HIV-positive men who have sex with men: estimates and risk factors.

Background: To estimate incidence and clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), and their risk factors, in men who have sex with men (MSM) recently infected by HIV in Spain; 2007-2013.

Methods: Multicenter cohort. HR-HPV infection was determined and genotyped with linear array.

Impact of low-level viremia on clinical and virological outcomes in treated HIV-1-infected patients.

Background: The goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is to reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality by suppressing HIV replication. The prognostic value of persistent low-level viremia (LLV), particularly for clinical outcomes, is unknown.

Objective: Assess the association of different levels of LLV with virological failure, AIDS event, and death among HIV-infected patients receiving combination ART.

Virological response to short-course maraviroc monotherapy does not predict viral tropism in HIV-1-infected treatment-naive patients.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate whether virological response to a short course of maraviroc monotherapy could predict HIV-1 tropism.

Methods: A clinical trial was performed in HIV-1 treatment-naive patients infected with R5- or non-R5-tropic virus determined using the Trofile(®) assay, with >1000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL. Maraviroc was administered for 10 days.

Dynamics of the HIV-1 latent reservoir after discontinuation of the intensification of antiretroviral treatment: results of two clinical trials.

Objective: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) intensification has been shown to reduce the reservoir of latently infected CD4 T cells. However, it is currently unknown whether this effect is maintained after discontinuation of the intensifying drug.

Design: The effect of ART intensification during 48 weeks with maraviroc or raltegravir in chronically HIV-1-infected patients was assessed in two previous clinical trials.

Raltegravir pharmacokinetics in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with advanced liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh C).

Objectives: To describe raltegravir pharmacokinetics at steady-state in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients under antiretroviral (ARV) treatment with (n = 5) and without (n = 5) advanced liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh C).

Methods: This was a non-randomized, Phase I, parallel-assignment, open-label pharmacokinetic study in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with Child-Pugh grade C hepatic cirrhosis. We recruited clinically stable HIV/HCV-coinfected adult patients with controlled HIV viraemia (<50 copies/mL) for at least 6 months.

Correlation between different methods to measure microbial translocation and its association with immune activation in long-term suppressed HIV-1-infected individuals.

Introduction: Microbial translocation (MT) has been proposed as one of the triggering mechanisms of persistent immune activation associated to HIV-1 infection. Our objectives were to determine the correlation between different measurements of MT in suppressed HIV-1-infected individuals and to evaluate its correlation with immune activation.

Methods: Eighteen suppressed HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ T-cell count above 350 cells per cubic millimeter and undetectable plasma viral load, included in antiretroviral treatment intensification clinical trials, were evaluated.

Anal human papillomavirus genotype distribution in HIV-infected men who have sex with men by geographical origin, age, and cytological status in a Spanish cohort.

Knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution in populations at risk for anal cancer is needed. Here, we describe the anal HPV genotype distribution in a large Spanish cohort (Cohort of the Spanish HIV Research Network HPV [CoRIS-HPV]) of HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) according to geographical origin, age, and cytological status. A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 1,439 HIV-infected MSM (2007 to 2012) was performed.

Anal squamous intraepithelial lesions are frequent among young HIV-infected men who have sex with men followed up at the Spanish AIDS Research Network Cohort (CoRIS-HPV).

The aim of our study was to determine the baseline prevalence of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and associated risk factors in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in a Spanish ongoing multicenter cohort. CoRIS-HPV started in 2007, nested in the Spanish AIDS Research Network Cohort (CoRIS). Anal liquid cytology testing was performed.

What drives the number of high-risk human papillomavirus types in the anal canal in HIV-positive men who have sex with men?

We estimated the effect of sexual behavior, age, and immunodeficiency on the number of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types in the anal canal among human immunodeficiency virus-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Anal samples were genotyped with the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test, and risk factors were investigated with Poisson regression. Of 586 MSM, 69% were Spanish, and 25.

The CD4/CD8 ratio in HIV-infected subjects is independently associated with T-cell activation despite long-term viral suppression.

Objectives: HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy often fail to normalize the CD4/CD8 ratio despite CD4 count normalization. We aimed to analyze the biological significance of this finding.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis in 20 HIV-infected subjects on stable triple-ART, plasma HIV RNA <40 copies/mL for at least 2 years and CD4 count >350 cells/mm(3).

Persistence of novel first-line antiretroviral regimes in a cohort of HIV-positive subjects, CoRIS 2008-2010.

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the persistence of the most commonly used first-line combined antiretroviral regimens (cART) in HIV-infected adults in the CoRIS cohort.

Methods: CoRIS is an open prospective multicentre cohort of HIV-infected adults naive to cART at entry. Patients enrolled between January 2008 and June 2010 were included.

The effect of intensification with raltegravir on the HIV-1 reservoir of latently infected memory CD4 T cells in suppressed patients.

Objectives: The stability of the reservoir of latently infected memory CD4 T-cells may be associated with continuous replenishment from residual HIV-1, not completely eliminated by otherwise successful antiretroviral therapy (ART). Treatment intensification could help to control residual virus and to modify the latent reservoir. The objective of this work is to assess the effect of intensifying therapy with raltegravir on the HIV-1 cell reservoir.

Intensification of antiretroviral therapy with a CCR5 antagonist in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection: effect on T cells latently infected.

Objective: The primary objective was to assess the effect of MVC intensification on latently infected CD4(+) T cells in chronically HIV-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: We performed an open-label pilot phase II clinical trial involving chronically HIV-1-infected patients receiving stable antiretroviral therapy whose regimen was intensified with 48 weeks of maraviroc therapy. We analyzed the latent reservoir, the residual viremia and episomal 2LTR DNA to examine the relationship between these measures and the HIV-1 latent reservoir, immune activation, lymphocyte subsets (including effector and central memory T cells), and markers associated with bacterial translocation.

LEDGF/p75 TATA-less promoter is driven by the transcription factor Sp1.

PSIP1 (PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1) encodes two splice variants: lens epithelium-derived growth factor or p75 (LEDGF/p75) and p52. PSIP1 gene products were shown to be involved in transcriptional regulation, affecting a plethora of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell survival, and stress response. Furthermore, LEDGF/p75 has implications for various diseases and infections, including autoimmunity, leukemia, embryo development, psoriasis, and human immunodeficiency virus integration.

Response to HAART in treatment-naive HIV-infected patients with a prior diagnosis of tuberculosis or other opportunistic infections.

We aimed to evaluate immunological, virological and clinical response to HAART, as well as all-cause mortality, in treatment-naive patients with a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in the prior 6 months, compared to subjects with another AIDS-defining illness (ADI) or event-free individuals in an open, prospective and multicenter hospital-based cohort of HIV-infected naive adults (2004-2008). All cause mortality rates were calculated by Cox regression models. Among 4407 patients, 2400 (54.

The use of atazanavir in HIV-infected patients with liver cirrhosis: lack of hepatotoxicity and no significant changes in bilirubin values or model for end-stage liver disease score.

Although atazanavir is widely used in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-HIV-1 patients, little is known about its safety in advanced liver disease. We studied 34 HCV-HIV-1 patients with cirrhosis receiving atazanavir. After 551.