Nutritional therapy for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A narrative and integrative review.

Hospitalized patients affected by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) have a sustained pro-inflammatory state and recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms that correlate with a decline in the nutritional status, which is directly related to poor immune response and clinical evolution. Nutritional therapy has proven crucial in COVID-19 treatment through the provision of adequate amounts of nutrients. Since the beginning of the pandemic, medical societies have mobilized to provide practical nutritional guidelines to support decision-making; despite this, there are only a few studies dedicated to compiling the most relevant recommendations.

Can I Have My Coffee and Drink It? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Determine Whether Habitual Caffeine Consumption Affects the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine.

Objective: The aim was to quantify the proportion of the literature on caffeine supplementation that reports habitual caffeine consumption, and determine the influence of habitual consumption on the acute exercise response to caffeine supplementation, using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach.

Methods: Three databases were searched, and articles screened according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Three-level meta-analyses and meta-regression models were used to investigate the influence of habitual caffeine consumption on caffeine's overall ergogenic effect and within different exercise types (endurance, power, strength), in men and women, and in trained and untrained individuals.