The Impact of Non-trauma Factors on Trauma Patient Mortality and Hospital Resource Utilization: Population-Based Retrospective Review.

Background: The death of trauma patients with low injury severity scores (ISS) may not be fully explained by the severity of their injuries. Our objective was to evaluate preexisting conditions (PECs) that may contribute to the mortality rate of and hospital resources consumed by patients with low ISS.

Methods: Trauma patients with ISS <9 were selected from the National Trauma Database Bank [NTDB] [2019-21].

Cooperative chemoenzymatic and biocatalytic cascades to access chiral sulfur compounds bearing C(sp)-S stereocentres.

Biocatalysis has been widely employed for the generation of carbon-carbon/heteroatom stereocentres, yet its application in chiral C(sp)-S bond construction is rare and limited to enzymatic kinetic resolutions. Herein, we describe the enantioselective construction of chiral C(sp)-S bonds through ene-reductase biocatalyzed conjugate reduction of prochiral vinyl sulfides. A series of cooperative sequential/concurrent chemoenzymatic and biocatalytic cascades have been developed to access a broad range of chiral sulfides, including valuable β-hydroxysulfides bearing two adjacent C(sp)-S and C(sp)-O stereocentres, in a stereoconvergent manner with good to excellent yields (up to 96%) and enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee).

Broadening The Substrate Scope of Aldolases Through Metagenomic Enzyme Discovery.

Bio-processes based on enzymatic catalysis play a major role in the development of green, sustainable processes, and the discovery of new enzymes is key to this approach. In this work, we analysed ten metagenomes and retrieved 48 genes coding for deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolases (DERAs, EC 4.1.

Realizing the Continuous Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Anilines Using an Immobilized Nitroreductase.

The use of biocatalysis for classically synthetic transformations has seen an increase in recent years, driven by the sustainability credentials bio-based approaches can offer the chemical industry. Despite this, the biocatalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds using nitroreductase biocatalysts has not received significant attention in the context of synthetic chemistry. Herein, a nitroreductase (NR-55) is demonstrated to complete aromatic nitro reduction in a continuous packed-bed reactor for the first time.

Cardiopulmonary Imaging Utilization and Findings among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Latin America: (From "RIMAC: Registry IMAging Cardiopulmonary among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in LATAM").

Objectives: Describe the use and findings of cardiopulmonary imaging-chest X-ray (cX-ray), echocardiography (cEcho), chest CT (cCT), lung ultrasound (LUS), and/or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI)-in COVID-19 hospitalizations in Latin America (LATAM).

Background: There is a lack of information on the images used and their findings during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in LATAM.

Methods: Multicenter, prospective, observational study of COVID-19 inpatients, conducted from March to December 2020, from 12 high-complexity centers, in nine LATAM countries.

Molecular Simulations of Surfactant Adsorption on Iron Oxide from Hydrocarbon Solvents.

The performance of organic friction modifiers (OFMs) depends on their ability to adsorb onto surfaces and form protective monolayers. Understanding the relationship between OFM concentration in the base oil and the resulting surface coverage is important for improving lubricant formulations. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the adsorption of three OFMs─stearic acid (SA), glycerol monoostearate (GMS), and glycerol monooleate (GMO)─onto a hematite surface from two hydrocarbon solvents─-hexadecane and poly(α-olefin) (PAO).

An ()-Selective Transaminase From : Stabilizing the Tetrameric Form.

The identification and 3D structural characterization of a homolog of the ()-selective transaminase (RTA) from (RTA), from the thermotolerant fungus (RTA) is here reported. The thermostability of RTA (40% retained activity after 7 days at 40°C) was initially attributed to its tetrameric form in solution, however subsequent studies of RTA revealed it also exists predominantly as a tetramer yet, at 40°C, it is inactivated within 48 h. The engineering of a cysteine residue to promote disulfide bond formation across the dimer-dimer interface stabilized both enzymes, with RTA_G205C retaining almost full activity after incubation at 50°C for 7 days.

Characterization of imine reductases in reductive amination for the exploration of structure-activity relationships.

Imine reductases (IREDs) have shown great potential as catalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of industrially relevant chiral amines, but a limited understanding of sequence activity relationships makes rational engineering challenging. Here, we describe the characterization of 80 putative and 15 previously described IREDs across 10 different transformations and confirm that reductive amination catalysis is not limited to any particular subgroup or sequence motif. Furthermore, we have identified another dehydrogenase subgroup with chemoselectivity for imine reduction.

Direct Alkylation of Amines with Primary and Secondary Alcohols through Biocatalytic Hydrogen Borrowing.

The reductive aminase from Aspergillus oryzae (AspRedAm) was combined with a single alcohol dehydrogenase (either metagenomic ADH-150, an ADH from Sphingobium yanoikuyae (SyADH), or a variant of the ADH from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (TeSADH W110A)) in a redox-neutral cascade for the biocatalytic alkylation of amines using primary and secondary alcohols. Aliphatic and aromatic secondary amines were obtained in up to 99 % conversion, as well as chiral amines directly from the racemic alcohol precursors in up to >97 % ee, releasing water as the only byproduct.

Ischemic heart disease after renal transplantation in patients on cyclosporine in Spain.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD), more common among transplant recipients than in the general population, accounts for approximately 50% of cardiovascular deaths. Despite its importance, only a few publications have addressed the prevalence of and risk factors for this complication. This was a retrospective cohort study in 2382 cadaver renal transplant recipients who were treated with cyclosporine as initial immunosuppression.

Electrophilic substitution of dibromoparacyclophane: a route to novel paracyclophane phosphine ligands.

[reaction: see text] The regioselective functionalization of 4,12-dibromoparacyclophane via electrophilic aromatic substitution is reported for the first time. The functionalization of the paracyclophane backbone allows the development of a new family of paracyclophane-based phosphines (named ParaPhos) that opens the possibility of improved catalyst development and tuning while retaining all the catalysis potential of the PhanePhos family of ligands.

Synthesis and characterization of a new RXR agonist based on the 6-tert-butyl-1,1-dimethylindanyl structure.

A new ligand for RXR is described, which is based on a 6-tert-butyl-1,1-dimethylindanyl skeleton as bioisostere of the hydrophobic retinoid region. The Stille cross-coupling reaction allowed the attachment of the polyene side chain to the indanyl ring. Docking studies were carried out to explain the RXR binding profile of this analogue.

Testing Racemic Chiral Catalysts for Kinetic Resolution Potential.

An even-handed approach: by use of an enantiomerically enriched substrate and study of the changes in enantiomer ratio of substrate under pseudo zero-order conditions, racemic catalysts may be employed to determine whether the enantiomerically pure catalyst would be effective for kinetic resolution of the racemic substrate (see scheme; E=CO Me).