First molecular detection of adenoviruses in bats from an urban Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Bats comprise one of the most diverse and abundant groups of mammals in the world and host a significant viral diversity with zoonotic potential. Bat adenoviruses (bat AdVs), members of the family Adenoviridae, have been detected in several bat species, suggesting that bats are natural reservoirs. Here, faeces and rectal/anal-swabs were collected from 321 bats of an urban Atlantic Forest remnant from Rio de Janeiro, during 2019-2022, and screened for bat AdV nucleic acid with PCR.

Evidence for a Pro-Inflammatory State of Macrophages from Non-Obese Type-2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats.

Obesity causes insulin resistance (IR) through systemic low-grade inflammation and can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms that cause IR and T2DM in non-obese individuals are unclear. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat develops IR spontaneously and is a model of non-obese T2DM.

Uncovering new species in vertebrate hosts through metagenome-assembled genomes with potential for sporulation.

Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) have contributed to identifying non-culturable microorganisms and understanding their ecological functions. MAGs offer an advantage in investigating sporulation-associated genes, especially given the difficulty of isolating many species residing in the gut microbiota of multiple hosts. Bacterial sporulation is a key survival mechanism with implications for pathogenicity and biotechnology.

An alveolus lung-on-a-chip model of lung infection.

Lung disease due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is rising in incidence. While both two dimensional cell culture and animal models exist for NTM infections, a major knowledge gap is the early responses of human alveolar and innate immune cells to NTM within the human alveolar microenvironment. Here we describe development of a humanized, three-dimensional, alveolus lung-on-a-chip (ALoC) model of lung infection that incorporates only primary human cells such as pulmonary vascular endothelial cells in a vascular channel, and type I and II alveolar cells and monocyte-derived macrophages in an alveolar channel along an air-liquid interface.

supplementation modulates T lymphocyte function in older women.

(a mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine) compounds may attenuate ageing-related physiological changes and restore normal immunity. However, studies on the physiological effects of dry extract food supplements are few. Therefore, here, we aimed to investigate the effects of dry extract food supplement on the lymphocyte function of older women.

Correlation between individual autoantibodies and clinical features in primary biliary cholangitis: results of a retrospective longitudinal study.

Background And Aims: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an immune-mediated liver disease. The immunological profile seems to relate to clinical prognosis. This study aims to determine the role of autoantibodies in the course of liver disease and in the response to ursodeoxycholic acid.

Therapeutic effects and the impact of statins in the prevention of ulcerative colitis in preclinical models: A systematic review.

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the large intestines. Although great advances have been made in the management of the disease with the introduction of immunomodulators and biological agents, the treatment of UC is still a challenge. So far, there are no definitive therapies for this condition.

Pathogenicity and virulence of .

(Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious disease with one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Leveraging its highly evolved repertoire of non-protein and protein virulence factors, Mtb invades through the airway, subverts host immunity, establishes its survival niche, and ultimately escapes in the setting of active disease to initiate another round of infection in a naive host. In this review, we will provide a concise synopsis of the infectious life cycle of Mtb and its clinical and epidemiologic significance.

Leukocyte metabolism in obese type 2 diabetic individuals associated with COVID-19 severity.

Recent studies show that the metabolic characteristics of different leukocytes, such as, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages, undergo changes both in the face of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) condition. Thus, the objective of this review is to establish a correlation between the metabolic changes caused in leukocytes in DM2 and obesity that may favor a worse prognosis during SARS-Cov-2 infection. Chronic inflammation and hyperglycemia, specific and usual characteristics of obesity and DM2, contributes for the SARS-CoV-2 replication and metabolic disturbances in different leukocytes, favoring the proinflammatory response of these cells.

Cross-mapping of nursing diagnoses and interventions in decompensated heart failure.

Objective: To map the terms recorded in medical records of patients with decompensated heart failure for nursing diagnoses and interventions from the NANDA International and Nursing Interventions Classification.

Method: This is an exploratory and descriptive research, carried out by a cross-mapping study. Data were collected from 107 medical records of a Hospital Institute in the city of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil, in a period between October 2017 to February 2019.

Defective in Lipophosphoglycan Biosynthesis Interferes With Activation of Human Neutrophils.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is often associated with hematologic manifestations that may interfere with neutrophil response. Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is a major molecule on the surface of promastigotes, which has been associated with several aspects of the parasite-vector-host interplay. Here, we investigated how LPG from (.

Melatonin, Zinc, and Vitamin C: Potential Adjuvant Treatment for COVID-19 Patients.

The use of nutraceutical approaches may regulate the immune system, performing a potential strategy to contain the worst outcomes of COVID-19. We reviewed the current evidence surrounding nutritional/nutraceutical approaches for the therapy in patients with COVID-19. We searched the PubMed database to report randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational research that used melatonin, zinc, or vitamin C supplementation as an intervention for COVID-19 treatment.

Investigating the Phagocytosis of Leishmania using Confocal Microscopy.

Phagocytosis is an orchestrated process that involves distinct steps: recognition, binding, and internalization. Professional phagocytes take up Leishmania parasites by phagocytosis, consisting of recognizing ligands on parasite surfaces by multiple host cell receptors. Binding of Leishmania to macrophage membranes occurs through complement receptor type 1 (CR1) and complement receptor type 3 (CR3) and Pattern Recognition Receptors.

Prospective study of ventricular function and myocardial deformation related to survival in acute Chagas disease: an experimental animal model.

Chagas disease (CD) has been changing from an endemic Latino-American disease to a condition found outside endemic regions, due to migratory movements. Although often subclinical, its acute phase can be lethal. This study aimed to assess survival during the acute phase of CD and its relationship with ventricular function in an experimental model.

Doppler abnormalities and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with early-onset fetal growth restriction.

Objective: To compare Doppler alterations and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women who evolved with early- and late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Methods: A retrospective, observational cohort study with pregnant women who evolved with FGR treated between January 2018 and April 2019, in which all live births from singleton pregnancies, over 24 weeks, with FGR ultrasound diagnosis and under 2700 g weight were included in the study.

Results: Pregnancies with early-onset FGR were more associated with hypertensive disorders ( = .

17-AAG-Induced Activation of the Autophagic Pathway in Is Associated with Parasite Death.

The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is thought to be an excellent drug target against parasitic diseases. The leishmanicidal effect of an Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), was previously demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo models of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasite death was shown to occur in association with severe ultrastructural alterations in , suggestive of autophagic activation.

Headache as an Adverse Reaction to the Use of Medication in the Elderly: A Pharmacovigilance Study.

There is a consensus that elderly individuals are quite vulnerable to adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and headaches are one of the most frequent clinical presentations of central nervous system problems in the general population, which can be an ADR. The purpose of our work was to analyze reports of "headache" associated ADRs in the elderly sent to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System (PPS), and also which drugs were more frequently associated with this adverse reaction. A retrospective analysis of suspected ADR reports involving patients aged 65 years or older received by the PPS in the last 10 years was conducted.

Feasibility and reference intervals assessed by conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography in normal hamsters.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine feasibility, reference intervals, and reproducibility of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in adult Syrian hamsters.

Background: Syrian hamster is an experimental model for several heart diseases. Echocardiography allows the evaluation of structure and function with bidimensional conventional techniques and STE.

North Pacific warming shifts the juvenile range of a marine apex predator.

During the 2014-2016 North Pacific marine heatwave, unprecedented sightings of juvenile white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) emerged in central California. These records contradicted the species established life history, where juveniles remain in warmer waters in the southern California Current. This spatial shift is significant as it creates potential conflicts with commercial fisheries, protected species conservation, and public safety concerns.

Betulinic Acid Exerts Cytoprotective Activity on Zika Virus-Infected Neural Progenitor Cells.

Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, was brought into the spotlight due to its widespread and increased pathogenicity, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into the major neural phenotypes, are very susceptible to ZIKV infection. Given the complications of ZIKV infection and potential harm to public health, effective treatment options are urgently needed.

(In)visibility of children with special health needs and their families in primary care.

Objectives: to discuss the (in)visibility of children with special healthcare needs and their families in the Primary Health Care scenario.

Methods: experience report about the difficulties faced by researchers from different regions of Brazil to locate children with special healthcare needs in the scope of primary care.

Results: the main reason for these children and their families to be "unknown" and, therefore, not assisted in PHC, is the fact that they are followed-up by institutions/outpatient clinics and specialized and/or public rehabilitation clinics, or even because they have private health insurance.

Family dynamics and social network of families of children with special needs for complex/continuous cares.

Objective: To describe the family dynamics and the social support network for families of children with special needs of multiple, complex and continuous care.

Methods: A descriptive study of a qualitative approach, carried out in Maringá - PR, having as theoretical and methodological reference the Calgary Model of Family Assessment (CMFA). Data was collected through semi-structured audio-video interviews, carried out in the homes, together with 11 family caregivers of 13 children.

Deciphering the Role Played by Autophagy in Infection.

In recent decades, studies have shown that, depending on parasite species and host background, autophagy can either favor infection or promote parasite clearance. To date, relatively few studies have attempted to assess the role played by autophagy in infection. While it has been consistently shown that spp.

A docking-based structural analysis of geldanamycin-derived inhibitor binding to human or Leishmania Hsp90.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of individuals around the world. Regardless of clinical form, treatment is based primarily on the use of pentavalent antimonials. However, such treatments are prolonged and present intense side effects, which lead to patient abandonment in many cases.

Evidence for Host Epigenetic Signatures Arising From Arbovirus Infections: A Systematic Review.

Arbovirus infections have steadily become a major pandemic threat. This study aimed at investigating the existence of host epigenetic markers arising from the principal arboviruses infections impacting on human health. We set to systematically review all published evidence describing any epigenetic modifications associated with infections from arboviruses, including, but not limited to, microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modifications.