Effects of epidural nalbuphine on intraoperative isoflurane and postoperative analgesic requirements in dogs.

Purpose: To measure the change in the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (EtISO) associated with epidural nalbuphine and the postoperative analgesic requirements in dogs after ovariohysterectomy.

Methods: Twenty four healthy female dogs were randomly assigned to receive saline or nalbuphine at 0.3 or 0.