Are impulsive compulsive behaviors associated with levodopa-induced dyskinesia? A Brazilian cross-sectional study.

Purpose Of This Research: To study the association between ICBs and LIDs and to assess the predictors of ICBs in this sample.

Methods: We intentionally evaluated 90 Brazilian PD patients younger than 60 in one evaluation that included the application of Questionnaire for Impulsive Compulsive Disorders - Current Short (QUIP-CS), Barratt Impulsive Scale-11 (BIS-11), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale parts III and IV, Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS), and a cognitive assessment.

Results: ICB group had a longer PD duration (8.

Use of non-invasive stimulation in movement disorders: a critical review.

Background: Noninvasive stimulation has been widely used in the past 30 years to study and treat a large number of neurological diseases, including movement disorders.

Objective: In this critical review, we illustrate the rationale for use of these techniques in movement disorders and summarize the best medical evidence based on the main clinical trials performed to date.

Methods: A nationally representative group of experts performed a comprehensive review of the literature in order to analyze the key clinical decision-making factors driving transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in movement disorders.