Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Cancer: The Role of Guardians of Innate Immunity.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by a persistent low-grade inflammation that leads to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Several factors are implicated in this pathogenetic pathway, such as innate and adaptive immunity, gut microbiota, environment, and xenobiotics. At the gut mucosa level, a complex interplay between the immune system and gut microbiota occurs; a disequilibrium between these two factors leads to an alteration in the gut permeability, called 'leaky gut'.

Changes in Lymphocyte Subpopulations after Remdesivir Therapy for COVID-19: A Brief Report.

Remdesivir (RDV) has demonstrated clinical benefit in hospitalized COronaVIrus Disease (COVID)-19 patients. The objective of this brief report was to assess a possible correlation between RDV therapy and the variation in lymphocyte subpopulations. We retrospectively studied 43 hospitalized COVID-19 patients: 30 men and 13 women (mean age 69.

The circadian clock circuitry modulates leukemia initiating cell activity in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy, characterized by restricted cellular subsets with asymmetrically enriched leukemia initiating cell (LIC) activity. Nonetheless, it is still unclear which signaling programs promote LIC maintenance and progression.

Methods: Here, we evaluated the role of the biological clock in the regulation of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways impacting the cellular dynamics in T-ALL through an integrated experimental approach including gene expression profiling of shRNA-modified T-ALL cell lines and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-Seq) of leukemic cells.

Effectiveness of Booster Dose of Anti SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 in Cirrhosis: Longitudinal Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Response.

Background: LC has been associated with hyporesponsiveness to several vaccines. Nonetheless, no data on complete serological and B- and T-cell immune response are currently available. Aims: To assess, in comparison with healthy controls of the same age and gender, both humoral and cellular immunoresponses of patients with LC after two or three doses of the mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and to investigate clinical features associated with non-response.

Associations between Allelic Variants of the Human IgH 3' Regulatory Region 1 and the Immune Response to BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine.

The escalation of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has required the development of safe and effective vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-associated (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causative agent of the disease. Here, we determined the levels of antibodies, antigen-specific B cells, against a recombinant GFP-tagged SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and total T and NK cell subsets in subjects up to 20 days after the injection of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine using a combined approach of serological and flow cytometry analyses. In former COVID-19 patients and highly responsive individuals, a significant increase of antibody production was detected, simultaneous with an expansion of antigen-specific B cell response and the total number of NK-T cells.