The Protein Corona on Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting in Prostate Cancer-A Review of the Literature and Experimental Trial Protocol.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recognizes the potential of technologies based on the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in revolutionizing clinical approaches to the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Recent research suggests that once NPs come into contact with the biological fluid of cancer patients, they are covered by proteins, forming a "protein corona" composed of hundreds of plasma proteins. The concept of a personalized, disease-specific protein corona, demonstrating substantial differences in NP corona profiles between patients with and without cancer, has been introduced.

Is It Time to Anticipate the Use of PARP Inhibition in Prostate Cancer Patients?

The increasing diffusion of genetic analysis regarding the pathogenetic variants (PVs) of genes involved in DNA Damage Repair (DDR) mechanisms and the development of Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) led to the first valid precision medicine option tailored toward metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). The concept of anticipation in the systemic treatment of mPC was initially adopted for androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) to describe the expansion of their indications, from the setting of the late-stage second-line treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) to first-line therapy in selected cases. There is already mounting evidence in favor of the anticipation of PARPis in the first line of mCRPC therapy, and further evidence in favor of mHSPC is emerging.

Exosome Analysis in Prostate Cancer: How They Can Improve Biomarkers' Performance.

Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles (EV), that is, carriers of different biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Their composition and the fact that their release dramatically increases in cases of tumorigenesis open up different scenarios on their possible application to research into new biomarkers. The first purpose of the present review was to specifically analyze and compare different methodologies available for the use of exosomes in prostate cancer (PC).

Regenerative Medicine-Based Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence with Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to analyze clinical trials on the use of autologous stem cell [SC] injection for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence [SUI] in humans.

Methods: We analyzed the effect in terms of UI improvement and continence recovery after treatment. A literature search was performed following the PRISMA guidelines.

Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: From Current Knowledge to the Role of Metabolomics and Exosomes.

Early detection of prostate cancer (PC) is largely carried out using assessment of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level; yet it cannot reliably discriminate between benign pathologies and clinically significant forms of PC. To overcome the current limitations of PSA, new urinary and serum biomarkers have been developed in recent years. Although several biomarkers have been explored in various scenarios and patient settings, to date, specific guidelines with a high level of evidence on the use of these markers are lacking.