Revealing the Most Vulnerable Groups: Courtesy Stigma in Caregivers of Autistic Persons in Quebec.

Introduction: Caregivers of autistic persons often face "courtesy stigma," a phenomenon by which caregivers experience stigma because of their association with a person whose disability may be stigmatized. Understanding the repercussions of this stigma is crucial not only for caregivers' mental health but also for the quality of care provided to their dependent. This study aimed to explore courtesy stigma among caregivers of autistic persons in Quebec, examining its prevalence and impact in order to identify groups that are particularly susceptible to negative outcomes.

Early family socioeconomic status and asthma-related outcomes in school-aged children: Results from seven birth cohort studies.

Objective: To examine the associations between maternal education and household income during early childhood with asthma-related outcomes in children aged 9-12 years in the UK, the Netherlands, Sweden, Australia, the USA and Canada.

Methods: Data on 31 210 children were obtained from 7 prospective birth cohort studies across six countries. Asthma-related outcomes included ever asthma, wheezing/asthma attacks and medication control for asthma.

Household income and maternal education in early childhood and risk of overweight and obesity in late childhood: Findings from seven birth cohort studies in six high-income countries.

Background/objectives: This study analysed the relationship between early childhood socioeconomic status (SES) measured by maternal education and household income and the subsequent development of childhood overweight and obesity.

Subjects/methods: Data from seven population-representative prospective child cohorts in six high-income countries: United Kingdom, Australia, the Netherlands, Canada (one national cohort and one from the province of Quebec), USA, Sweden. Children were included at birth or within the first 2 years of life.

Associations between family functioning during early to mid-childhood and weight status in childhood and adolescence: findings from a Quebec birth cohort.

Background: Impaired family functioning has been associated with obesity in children and adolescents, but few longitudinal studies exist. We examined whether family functioning from early to mid-childhood is associated with overweight and obesity in later childhood and adolescence.

Methods: We examined data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD), a birth cohort (N = 2120), collected between 1998 and 2011.

Persistent and occasional poverty and children's food consumption: evidence from a longitudinal Québec birth cohort.

Background: Childhood poverty is associated with poorer food consumption but longitudinal data are limited. The objective was to assess if food consumption differs depending on age (6, 7, 10 and 12 years) and pattern of poverty.

Methods: Participants were from the 1998-2010 'Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development' birth cohort.

Poverty's latent effect on adiposity during childhood: evidence from a Québec birth cohort.

Background: Childhood poverty heightens the risk of obesity in adulthood, but the age at which this risk appears is unclear. We analysed the association between poverty trajectories with body mass index (BMI) Z-scores or the risk of being overweight or obese across four ages (6 years, 8 years, 10 years and 12 years) in childhood.

Methods: Data were from the 1998-2010 'Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development' cohort (n=698).

Comparison of three lifecourse models of poverty in predicting cardiovascular disease risk in youth.

Objective: Childhood poverty heightens the risk of adulthood cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the underlying pathways are poorly understood. Three lifecourse models have been proposed but have never been tested among youth. We assessed the longitudinal association of childhood poverty with CVD risk factors in 10-year-old youth according to the timing, accumulation, and mobility models.

Tracking exposure to child poverty during the first 10 years of life in a Quebec birth cohort.

Objectives: Early childhood poverty is associated with adult chronic diseases. The objectives of this study were to examine patterns of exposure to poverty during the first 10 years of life in the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD) cohort according to three measures of poverty and to explore family characteristics associated with different poverty exposures.

Method: Data from 1,334 participants from the QLSCD were collected annually at home from ages 5 months through 10 years.

Longitudinal patterns of poverty and health in early childhood: exploring the influence of concurrent, previous, and cumulative poverty on child health outcomes.

Background: Although the links between poverty and health have often been studied , the dynamics of poverty and physical health in early childhood remain under-investigated. In particular, it is not known whether the health of young children is affected differently from that of adults by patterns of poverty unique to them.

Methods: We examined patterns of health from 5 to 41 months of age as a function of concurrent, lagged, and chronic exposure to insufficient income.

Measuring women's perceived ability to overcome barriers to healthcare seeking in Burkina Faso.

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, women must overcome numerous barriers when they need modern healthcare. Respect of gender norms within the household and the community may still influence women's ability to obtain care. A lack of gender-sensitive instruments for measuring women's ability to overcome barriers compromises attempts to adequately quantify the burden and risk of exclusion they face when seeking modern healthcare.

Understanding the determinants of active transportation to school among children: evidence of environmental injustice from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development.

Purpose: To examine the combined influence of poverty and dangerousness of the neighborhood on active transportation (AT) to school among a cohort of children followed throughout the early school years.

Methods: Growth curve modeling was used to identify determinants of AT to school among 710 children participating in the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development from 2003 through 2006. Parent-reported dangerousness and pedestrian-vehicle collision data were merged with travel mode and health data.

The influence of poverty and social support on the perceived health of children born to minority migrant mothers.

Objective: Poverty and low social support are common among minority migrant families. Little is known about their impact on the health of children of minority migrants to Canada. This study examined the associations between maternal perception of child's health and migration status, and examined the specific role of poverty and low social support in these associations.

Low coverage but few inclusion errors in Burkina Faso: a community-based targeting approach to exempt the indigent from user fees.

Background: User fees were generalized in Burkina Faso in the 1990s. At the time of their implementation, it was envisioned that measures would be instituted to exempt the poor from paying these fees. However, in practice, the identification of indigents is ineffective, and so they do not have access to care.

Women's health in developing countries: beyond an investment?

Most international programs and policies devised to improve women's health in developing countries have been shaped by powerful agencies and development ideologies, including the tendency to view women solely through the lens of instrumentalism (i.e., as a means to an end).

Poverty and chronic illness in early childhood: a comparison between the United kingdom and Quebec.

Objectives: Our goal was to examine the association between poverty, in the first and fourth years of life and cumulatively in the first and fourth years of life, and the health of children in the fourth year of life in the UK Millennium Cohort Study and in the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD).

Methods: Data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study of 14 556 children and from the QLSCD of 1950 children were analyzed. Comparable measures of poverty were households in receipt of the safety-net benefit: income support in the United Kingdom and social welfare in Quebec.

Sustained active transportation is associated with a favorable body mass index trajectory across the early school years: findings from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development birth cohort.

Objective: To determine the extent to which active transportation (AT) to and from school is associated with changes in body mass index (BMI) from kindergarten (6-year-olds) through grade 2 (8-year-olds).

Methods: The sample included 1170 children (50.4% of baseline participants) who were part of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD), a birth cohort established in 1998 in Quebec, Canada.

Providing information on pregnancy complications during antenatal visits: unmet educational needs in sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction: Lack of information on the warning signs of complications during pregnancy, parturition and postpartum hampers women's ability to partake fully in safe motherhood initiatives. We assessed the extent to which women in 19 countries of sub-Saharan Africa recall receiving information about pregnancy complications during antenatal care for the most recent pregnancy, and examined the impact of advice receipt on the likelihood of institutional delivery.

Methods: A cross-sectional, cross-country analysis was performed on data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 19 countries of sub-Saharan Africa.

Poverty and cumulative hospitalization in infancy and early childhood in the Quebec birth cohort: a puzzling pattern of association.

Objective: We anticipate a negative gradient between income and hospitalization, since income is positively associated with good health. In a previous cross-sectional study, we reported an unexpected pattern of association between poverty and hospitalization for 5-month-old infants in Quebec. This study re-examines the poverty-hospitalization relationship within a longitudinal population study of the same birth cohort aged 3.

Duration of poverty and child health in the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development: longitudinal analysis of a birth cohort.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between duration of poverty and the health of preschool children in the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development birth cohort.

Methods: Data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development for 1950 children who were followed annually up to age 3 years were analyzed. Poverty was defined as having an income below the low-income cutoff from Statistics Canada.