Criminalizing public space through a decriminalization framework: The paradox of British Columbia, Canada.

This commentary explores a recent shift in British Columbia's drug policy under a novel drug "decriminalization" framework. We focus on the province's move toward "recriminalization" under this framework. In short, recriminalization was a shift in BC's drug decriminalization framework to only apply in private residences, and be removed from essentially all outdoor spaces.

Life-threatening Carotid Complications Caused by Extraluminal Migration of Ingested Foreign Bodies; a Case Report and Narrative Review of Literature.

Carotid complications resulting from extra-luminal migration of ingested foreign bodies (FB) are rare but potentially life-threatening. Previous data on the topic predominantly comprises isolated case reports, leaving a gap in comprehensive evidence necessary to guide clinical decision-making. In this article, we offer a narrative review alongside a novel case report, aimed at providing a broad, evidence-based perspective on the topic to guide clinical practice.

Sexual Dysfunction in Women With Multiple Sclerosis: Expectations Regarding Treatment and Information, and Utility of the SEA-MS-F Questionnaire.

Introduction: Sexual dysfunction is a common complaint in female with multiple sclerosis (MS), however this problem is not often considered in the medical and psychological care.

Aim: To evaluate expectations regarding treatment and information for sexual dysfunction in women with multiple sclerosis using the SEA-MS-F (Sexual Dysfunction Management and Expectations Assessment in Multiple sclerosis - Female) questionnaire, and to gain an understanding of the relationship between their expectations, demographic factors and medical factors known to promote sexual dysfunction.

Methods: A prospective epidemiological, descriptive, analytical, multicentre study was carried out over 15 months on adult women suffering from MS.

Evaluations of thyme extract effects in human normal bronchial and tracheal epithelial cell lines and in human lung cancer cell line.

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is used traditionally to prepare herbal remedies possessing expectorant, mucolytic, antitussive and antispasmodic properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a standardized hydroalcoholic extract of thyme on primary human airway (bronchial/tracheal) epithelial cell lines in a model of lung inflammation induced by LPS. In addition, the effects of thyme extract on human lung cancer cell line (H460) were analysed.

OBSTACLES TO FAMILY PLANNING USE AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN ATIAK HEALTH CENTER IV, AMURU DISTRICT, NORTHERN UGANDA.

Background: Uganda's rapid population growth (3.2%) since 1948 has placed more demands on health sector and lowered living standard of Ugandans resulting into 49% of people living in acute poverty especially in post conflict Northern Uganda. The population rise was due to low use of contraceptive methods (21% in rural areas and 43% in urban areas) and coupled with high unmet need for family planning (41%).

Vertical facial pattern and orthodontic stability. Part II: Facial axis changes and stability.

Lateral cephalograms and study casts of 55 patients were evaluated to determine if any relationships exist between Facial Axis changes occurring during and after active treatment and either the pretreatment Jarabak Facial Height Quotient or the amount of post-treatment occlusal change, as measured with a weighted PAR score. No significant relationships could be found. There was instead a wide range of individual variation in the post-treatment behaviour of both the Facial Axis and the weighted PAR score, in both the total sample and three Jarabak Facial Height subgroups.

Diurnal variation in spontaneous eye-blink rate.

The daily pattern of spontaneous eye-blink rate (BR), a non-invasive peripheral measure of central dopamine activity, was investigated in 24 healthy subjects. The spontaneous eye-blink rate showed a stable pattern in morning, midday and afternoon hours. A significant increase was found at the evening time point (20.

Prevalence of HNPCC in a series of consecutive patients on the first endoscopic diagnosis of colorectal cancer: a multicenter study. The Italian Collaborative Group.

Background And Study Aims: It is difficult to measure the prevalence of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) in geographical areas that do not have tumor registers, as is the case in the present study, and it was therefore decided to assess the prevalence in Italy using different methods.

Patients And Methods: The pedigree was established for 485 of 501 colorectal cancer patients diagnosed with colorectal carcinomas. Patients were included consecutively in 13 gastroenterology centers; they had not taken part in prevention examinations.

Seasonality of mood in Italy: role of latitude and sociocultural factors.

A mail survey of degree of seasonal suffering was conducted in Italy using the SPAQ (Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire). Experiencing seasonal changes as a problem was reported by more than half of the 543 responders. Both mean GSS (Global Seasonality Score) and circannual profile of 'feeling worst' yielded results similar to those reported in the USA at comparable latitudes.

The role of glutathione in the retention of Ca2+ by liver mitochondria.

Concentrations of rhein and nitrofurantoin in the micromolar range induce Ca2+ release and the development of increased inner membrane permeability in liver mitochondria. Both compounds inhibit the mitochondrial glutathione reductase causing a depletion of GSH and an accumulation of GSSG in energized mitochondria. Under these conditions, the compounds also alter the oxidation state of pyridine nucleotides, NADH becoming oxidized while NADPH remains reduced.

Increased permeability of mitochondria during Ca2+ release induced by t-butyl hydroperoxide or oxalacetate. the effect of ruthenium red.

Ca2+ release from mitochondria induced by oxalacetate or t-butyl hydroperoxide is accompanied by loss of endogenous Mg2+ and K+, swelling, loss of membrane potential, and other alterations which indicate that Ca2+ release is a result of increased inner membrane permeability. When ruthenium red is added after Ca2+ uptake, but before the releasing agent, the extent of Ca2+ release is diminished as is the extent of Mg2+ and K+ depletion and the extent of swelling. Under these conditions, the membrane potential appears to remain at a high value.

The mechanism of palmitoyl-CoA inhibition of Ca2+ uptake in liver and heart mitochondria.

The mechanism by which palmitoyl-CoA inhibits Ca2+ uptake in liver and heart mitochondria was examined. At a given concentration of palmitoyl-CoA, the extent of inhibition is inversely related to the concentration of the respiratory substrate succinate. Palmitoyl-CoA inhibition of uncoupler-stimulated respiration and respiration stimulated by ionophore-A23187-induced Ca2+ cycling is also relieved by high succinate concentrations.

The relationship between mitochondrial membrane permeability, membrane potential, and the retention of Ca2+ by mitochondria.

Ca2+ release from liver mitochondria induced by N-ethylmaleimide, diamide, inorganic phosphate, palmitoyl-coenzyme A, and oxaloacetate occurs by a common mechanism. With all agents, a collapse of membrane potential, uptake of hydrogen ion, progressive acceleration of respiration, and large amplitude swelling accompanies Ca2+ release. These findings indicate that the agents promote an increase in the permeability of the inner membrane and that Ca2+ release can be explained under these conditions without invoking the action of a Ca2+ release carrier.

Intramitochondrial phospholipase activity and the effects of Ca2+ plus N-ethylmaleimide on mitochondrial function.

Liver mitochondria treated with N-ethylmaleimide can accumulate Ca2+ but cannot retain it. Ca2+ loss following uptake occurs in parallel with a proton uptake and collapse of the membrane potential. Respiration is not activated during Ca2+ release and cannot be stimulated by uncoupler.

The respiratory chain of Hydrogenomonas H16.

The respiratory chain of Hydrogenomonas H16 is shown to consist of two pathways, one of which has as its oxidase and only cytochrome a high-potential b-type cytochrome which is concluded to be cytochrome o. The Km values for the oxygen of the two pathways are consistent with the high-potential b-type cytochrome functioning as a relatively high-affinity oxidase.

Physicochemical stability of a preanesthetic mixture of hydroxyzine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate.

The stability of a combination of hydroxyzine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate stored in syringes was studied. Syringes containing the two drugs were stored at 25 C and 3 C for ten days and analyzed at specific time intervals. Absorption spectra, chromatographic characteristics and pH were determined.