Postmortem findings of organ damage in novel psychoactive substances users: A comprehensive review.

Introduction: Despite the rising number of NPS-related deaths, comprehensive data on their prevalence, identification, and associated organ damage remain scarce.

Materials And Methods: A literature search was conducted. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in the identification of 197 articles.

Practical Recommendations from the Gulf Region on the Therapeutic Use of Cladribine Tablets for the Management of Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of the Latest Real-World Evidence on Clinical Practice.

Cladribine tablets (CladT), like alemtuzumab, acts as an immune reconstitution therapy. However, CladT is administered orally (alemtuzumab is given by infusion) and without the potential for serious side effects that limit the therapeutic use of alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis (MS). Treatment with CladT, given initially as short courses of treatment 1 year apart, provides years of freedom from MS disease activity in responders to treatment.

A Retrospective Study on the Status of Working Equids Admitted to an Equine Clinic in Cairo: Disease Prevalence and Associations between Physical Parameters and Outcome.

Working equids are often used to exhaustion, living and dying in conditions below minimal welfare standards. Due to their poor welfare status, euthanasia should be considered in certain conditions. The study aimed to describe the population and the disease frequency of the working equids admitted at an equine clinic in Cairo (i.

Dromedary camel's welfare: literature from 1980 to 2023 with a text mining and topic analysis approach.

Dromedary camels are the preferable livestock species in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Most of the world's camel populations are managed under a subsistence/extensive system maintained by migratory pastoralists but intensification is getting more frequent. Even though recently the welfare of camels has been receiving more attention, in many countries there are no regulations to protect their health and welfare.

Cats' and dogs' welfare: text mining and topics modeling analysis of the scientific literature.

Animal welfare is a field with increasing significance and has been raising huge concerns of the public and the political stage. Cats and dogs possess an important role in human life, but their welfare is not always secured from a legal aspect. This review aimed to describe the evolution and geographical distribution of "cats and dogs" and "puppies and kittens" welfare literature over the last 40 years, distinguish the main research topics studied and highlight gaps in knowledge.

Multicentre Observational Study of Treatment Satisfaction with Cladribine Tablets in the Management of Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis in the Arabian Gulf: The CLUE Study.

Introduction: Inconvenient administration and side effects of some disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) can deter adherence. We evaluated treatment satisfaction with cladribine tablets (CladT) for RMS in the Arabian Gulf.

Methods: This was a non-interventional, multicentre, prospective observational study in non-pregnant/lactating adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with RMS eligible for 1st treatment with CladT (EU labelling).

GLAD Scale for Ranking Welfare of Horses on Arrival after Transport to Slaughterhouses.

To date, there is no official method for measuring horse welfare after transport. This study aimed to develop a scale to classify horses into four categories: good shape; light affected; affected; down (GLAD) based on their welfare impairment measured at unloading. To this end, 15 animal-based measures (ABMs), previously recorded from 1019 horses, were scored.

Development of a Composite Pain Scale in Foals: A Pilot Study.

Prompt pain management is crucial in horses; however, tools to assess pain are limited. This study aimed to develop and pilot a composite scale for pain estimation in foals. The "Foal Composite Pain Scale" (FCPS) was developed based on literature and authors' expertise.

Lethal aorto-oesophageal fistula 16 years after aortic prosthetic reconstruction: Delayed rupture as cause of death.

The development of aorto-oesophageal fistula (AOF) is a rare complication following thoracic aortic repair. Mortality is high, in most cases due to fatal haematemesis. The clinical onset is variable, occurring approximately one year after surgery.

Feasibility and safety of an enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) for upper GI surgery in elderly patients (≥ 75 years) in a high-volume surgical center.

Enhanced recovery protocols (ERP) have demonstrated their efficacy after esophagectomy and gastrectomy but little is known about their feasibility and safety in elderly patients. Patients submitted to Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy or gastrectomy for cancer between January 2016 and June 2019 were divided into three age groups: young-age group, YG (≤ 65 years, n = 130); middle-age group, MG (66-74 years, n = 101); old-age group, OG (≥ 75 years, n = 74). The groups were compared for adherence to our ERP, morbidity and mortality rates.

Large-scale, multicentre, quantitative MRI study of brain and cord damage in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Although the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of disability in primary progressive (PP) multiple sclerosis (MS) are still unclear, a major role seems to be played by 'occult' tissue damage. We investigated whether conventional and magnetization transfer (MT) MRI may provide complementary information for the assessment of PPMS severity. Conventional and MT MRI scans from 226 PPMS patients and 84 healthy controls were collected for centralized analysis.

A brain magnetization transfer MRI study with a clinical follow up of about four years in patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis.

Whereas it is important to gain prognostic information in patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS), there is still a lack of definitive data about the significance of normal-appearing white (NAWM) and gray (NAGM) matter damage in these patients. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging (MT MRI) in assessing "occult" damage at the earliest clinical stage of MS. Dual echo, post-contrast T1-weighted, and MT MRI were obtained from 43 CIS patients with paraclinical evidence of spatial disease dissemination within 3 months from disease onset and from 22 controls.

Assessing "occult" cervical cord damage in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus using diffusion tensor MRI.

Background: Whereas focal and diffuse brain damage on conventional MRI is seen in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NSLE), the spinal cord seems to be rarely involved. Diffusion tensor (DT) MRI provides information on the patterns of tissue disruption of the central nervous system, which may go undetected by conventional MRI.

Objective: To quantify the extent of otherwise "occult" injury of the cervical cord in NSLE, and to improve our understanding of its nature.

Axonal injury and overall tissue loss are not related in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Background: There is an increasing body of evidence that magnetic resonance imaging-occult tissue damage is an important component of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) pathology. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) can be used to measure in vivo whole-brain N-acetylaspartate (WBNAA) concentrations, the decrease of whose levels is considered a marker of neuronal-axonal injury.

Objectives: To study WBNAA 1H-MRS as a tool to provide information about irreversible brain damage in PPMS and to investigate the relationship between WBNAA and other magnetic resonance imaging measures of MS disease burden, including brain atrophy.

Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy histogram analysis of the cervical cord in MS patients.

The spinal cord is frequently involved in multiple sclerosis (MS), and cord damage may be an important contributor to disability. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) provides quantitative information about the structural and orientational features of the central nervous system. In order to assess whether diffusion tensor-derived measures of cord tissue damage are related to clinical disability, mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) histograms from the cervical cord were acquired from a large cohort of MS patients.

The relation between MRI measures of inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.

Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and measures of brain volume have been extensively applied in large-scale studies to assess disease activity and irreversible tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). Although histopathological studies of MS demonstrated that axonal transection occurs at sites of inflammatory changes, the correlation between brain tissue loss and gadolinium enhancement was found to be either absent or poor in virtually all in vivo MRI studies. This review discusses the reasons of this "inflammation/neurodegeneration mismatch" in MS and proposes possible strategies for a better in vivo characterization of the complex pathological process of this disease.

Diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging detects normal-appearing white matter damage unrelated to short-term disease activity in patients at the earliest clinical stage of multiple sclerosis.

Background: Diffusion-tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to elucidate some characteristics of tissue microstructure inaccessible to other MRI techniques.

Objective: To investigate whether normal-appearing brain tissue abnormalities occur in patients with multiple sclerosis at the earliest clinical stage and whether their severity is predictive of a short-term disease evolution by using DT MRI.

Design: Forty-five patients and 22 healthy control subjects were studied.

Short-term accrual of gray matter pathology in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis: an in vivo study using diffusion tensor MRI.

The mechanisms underlying the progressive course of multiple sclerosis (MS) are not fully understood yet. Since diffusion tensor (DT) MRI can provide quantitative estimates of both MRI-visible and MRI-occult brain damage related to MS, the present study investigated the value of DT MRI-derived measures for the assessment of the short-term accumulation of white and gray matter (GM) pathology in patients with primary progressive (PP) and secondary progressive (SP) MS. Fifty-four patients with PPMS and 22 with SPMS were studied at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 15 months.