The controlling nutritional status score and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: Pool analysis of observational studies.

Background And Aims: Malnutrition is very common in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with a worse clinical outcome. The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is an easily derived index for the evaluation of malnutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the CONUT score and the prognosis in patients with HF.

Cardiovascular risk factors, BMI and mortality in a cohort of Swiss males (1976-2001) with high-sum-assured life insurance cover.

Background: This long-term study investigates the influence of body mass index, blood pressure, smoking habits, impaired glucose metabolism and history of any disease on the mortality of Swiss males holding life insurance cover with high sums assured.

Methods: In a prospective study (1976-2001) including 22,927 Swiss insured males holding life insurance cover with high sums assured, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was compared with data from the general population. The relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality was assessed using a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age and calendar year, thereby controlling for mortality improvement over time.