Correlation of Anti-Müllerian hormone serum concentration measured in proestrus and estrus with the litter size as a fertility marker in bitches.

The use of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) serum concentration as a fertility marker has been shown in cows, sheep and mares and has been indicated in one study in female dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the connection between the AMH serum concentration, taken at two defined time points during the bitch`s heat, and the litter size to investigate whether AMH can be used as a practical measurement for the individual breeding bitch to predict litter size. The study was carried out on 27 healthy female dogs presented for pre-breeding examination, considering all previously known influencing factors on AMH in the bitch such as age, body weight and estrous cycle phase at the time the sample was taken.

[Flushing the canine prepuce before mating, useful or not?].

Objective: Various facultative pathogenic bacteria have been detected in the dog's prepuce. To prevent the transmission of these bacteria, some breeders flush the prepuce of their stud dogs before mating. The purpose of this study is to find out whether preputial flushing is medically useful before mating.

Physiological Anti-Müllerian Hormone Concentrations in Male and Female Dogs and Cats before and around Puberty.

In recent years several studies established the diagnostic value of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in companion animals. However, less is known about physiological AMH concentrations in young individuals highlighting the necessity to apply the diagnostic findings to this group. The aim of this study was to determine the AMH values of healthy male and female dogs between the age of 8 and 48 weeks, tomcats under 8 weeks and up to 48 weeks of age and queens between 2 to 12 weeks of age.

Studies on the association of malondialdehyde as a biomarker for oxidative stress and degree of malignancy in dogs with mammary adenocarcinomas.

Background: Mammary adenocarcinomas are one of the most common tumour diseases in bitches. The relationship between oxidative stress and the degree of malignancy of the tumour has not been sufficiently researched in veterinary medicine.

Objectives: The main objective was to investigate the potential role of MDA as a practice-relevant biomarker for the assessment of systemic oxidative stress and to determine whether this parameter can indicate the malignancy grade of a mammary adenocarcinoma.

[Diagnostic utility of the anti-Mullerian hormone in companion animals].

The anti-Mullerian hormone is a glycoprotein secreted by Sertoli cells in males and granulosa cells in females. The initial identification of this hormone in canine and feline serum was achieved in 2011. Meanwhile, a variety of studies have demonstrated its clinical significance as a tool in the endocrine diagnosis.

Anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in female rabbits and its relation to spay status, pseudopregnancy and ovarian follicle numbers.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), known for its role during foetal sexual differentiation, is secreted by the Sertoli cells in males and the granulosa cells in females during post-natal life. As serum AMH concentrations correlate with follicle numbers, AMH is utilized as a marker of ovarian reserve in many species. In dogs and cats, AMH is used as a diagnostic tool to determine spay or neuter status.

Anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in queens throughout the estrous cycle.

Studies in cats and dogs have proven the usefulness of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as a diagnostic tool to determine the castration status or to diagnose ovarian remnant syndrome. Yet the secretion pattern of AMH over the estrous cycle in queens has not been investigated so far. Seven healthy sexually intact female cats were examined daily for signs of estrous behavior over a trial period of 4 months.

Anti-Müllerian hormone as a diagnostic tool to identify queens with ovarian remnant syndrome.

Objectives: Ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) is suspected when heat signs occur in spayed individuals, but further diagnostic procedures are necessary to exclude other possible oestrogen sources, such as the adrenal gland or exogenous supplementation. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), secreted by granulosa cells or Sertoli cells, serves to differentiate sexually intact from gonadectomised animals and has been described in dogs as a tool for diagnosing ORS. The aim of this study was to evaluate if AMH determination can be used to diagnose ORS in cats.

Anti-Müllerian hormone, testosterone, and insulin-like peptide 3 as biomarkers of Sertoli and Leydig cell function during deslorelin-induced testicular downregulation in the dog.

The role of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) in male infertility is not fully understood. We used the downregulated testis as a model of gonadotropin-dependent infertility. Serum testosterone and AMH concentrations were studied in five adult male Beagles implanted (day 0) with 4.

[Birth of a vital puppy following prolonged whelping in a Labrador Retriever].

An 8-year-old primiparous Labrador Retriever bitch was presented to the clinic 46 hours following the delivery of 2 vital and one stillborn puppy due to an increase of vaginal discharge. At the veterinary clinic, the dog spontaneously delivered an additional healthy puppy without any obstetric support. The findings of the general and gynaecological examinations as well as results of blood analyses were within normal limits.

Anti-Müllerian hormone in dogs and cats reproduction.

The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein secreted by Sertoli cells in males and granulosa cells in females. It has first been determined in blood serum of dogs and cats by Place et al. in 2011 with the use of a human-based ELISA test.

Semen parameters and testicular dimensions in small breed dogs below ten-kilogram bodyweight.

Because of few available data on semen parameters in small breed dogs, the study aimed to analyse semen and measure testes of dogs ≤10.0 kg bodyweight. Semen was collected from 41 fertile stud dogs, which were divided based on bodyweight: group 1 ≤ 5.

Changes in anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in bitches throughout the oestrous cycle.

Studies in female dogs proved the measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as a diagnostic tool to distinguish ovarioectomized from intact females or to diagnose ovarian remnant syndrome. Furthermore, its usability to diagnose a granulosa cell tumour and predict litter size was also investigated in female dogs. Although serum AMH was previously shown to increase during the transition from anoestrus to pro-oestrus in dogs, changes in AMH concentration over the entire oestrous cycle have not yet been determined.

Strategic and Statistical Considerations on the QT Assessment of Volasertib.

Volasertib is a selective cell cycle kinase inhibitor that induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis by targeting Polo-like kinase (Plk). A potential for prolonged QT intervals was indicated with volasertib in preclinical studies and preliminary clinical data. As a result, electrocardiograms (ECGs) have been collected in all volasertib clinical trials to monitor potential cardiac effects.

The sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin does not prolong QT interval in a thorough QT (TQT) study.

Background: Empagliflozin is a potent, selective sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor in development as an oral antidiabetic treatment. This QT interval study assessed potential effects of empagliflozin on ventricular repolarisation and other electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters.

Methods: A randomised, placebo-controlled, single-dose, double-blind, five-period crossover study incorporating a novel double-placebo period design to reduce sample size, while maintaining full statistical power.

The adaptor protein FHL2 enhances the cellular innate immune response to influenza A virus infection.

The innate immune response of influenza A virus-infected cells is predominantly mediated by type I interferon-induced proteins. Expression of the interferon β (IFNβ) itself is initiated by accumulating viral RNA and is transmitted by different signalling cascades that feed into activation of the three transcriptional elements located in the IFNβ promoter, AP-1, IRF-3 and NF-κB. FHL2 (four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2) is an adaptor molecule that shuttles between membrane and nucleus regulating signalling cascades and gene transcription.

Levetiracetam: safety and efficacy in neonatal seizures.

Purpose: Neonatal seizures are common, especially in prematurity. Phenobarbital (PB) currently represents the antiepileptic drug (AED) of choice, despite being related to increased neuronal apoptosis in animal models and cognitive impairment in human subjects. Levetiracetam (LEV) may have a more favorable profile since it does not cause neuronal apoptosis in infant rodents.