Real-Time Assessment of H. pylori Infection to Guide Molecular Antibiotic Resistance Testing: A Combined Endoscopy-Gastric Juice Analysis Approach.

Background: Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance is the most relevant cause of treatment failure. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) allows for selecting the appropriate eradication regimen.

Aims: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of gastric aspirate-based genotypic AST (G-AST) for detecting clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance compared with conventional phenotypic AST (P-AST).

Wastewater treatment plants, an "escape gate" for ESCAPE pathogens.

Antibiotics are an essential tool of modern medicine, contributing to significantly decreasing mortality and morbidity rates from infectious diseases. However, persistent misuse of these drugs has accelerated the evolution of antibiotic resistance, negatively impacting clinical practice. The environment contributes to both the evolution and transmission of resistance.

International Travel as a Risk Factor for Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing in a Large Sample of European Individuals-The AWARE Study.

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is currently a major threat to global health, calling for a One Health approach to be properly understood, monitored, tackled, and managed. Potential risk factors for AR are often studied in specific high-risk populations, but are still poorly understood in the general population. Our aim was to explore, describe, and characterize potential risk factors for carriage of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-resistant (ESBL-EC) in a large sample of European individuals aged between 16 and 67 years recruited from the general population in Southern Germany, the Netherlands, and Romania.

Carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in wastewater treatment plant workers and surrounding residents - the AWARE Study.

To investigate whether wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers and residents living in close proximity to a WWTP have elevated carriage rates of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, as compared to the general population. From 2018 to 2020, we carried out a cross-sectional study in Germany, the Netherlands, and Romania among WWTP workers (N = 344), nearby residents (living ≤ 300 m away from WWTPs; N = 431) and distant residents (living ≥ 1000 m away = reference group; N = 1165). We collected information on potential confounders via questionnaire.

Neuronal cGMP kinase I is essential for stimulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion by luminal acid.

Brief contact of the duodenal mucosa with luminal acid elicits a long-lasting bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) secretory response, which is believed to be the primary protective mechanism against mucosal damage. Here, we show that cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I-knockout (cGKI(-/-)) mice are unable to respond to a physiological H(+) stimulus with a HCO(3)(-) secretory response and spontaneously develop duodenal ulcerations. Smooth muscle-selective cGKI knock-in rescued the motility disturbance but not the defective HCO(3)(-) secretion.

IRAG determines nitric oxide- and atrial natriuretic peptide-mediated smooth muscle relaxation.

Aims: Nitric oxide (NO) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) signalling via cGMP controls smooth muscle tone. One important signalling pathway of cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI) is mediated by IRAG (IP(3) receptor associated cGKI substrate) which is highly expressed in smooth muscle tissues. To elucidate the role of IRAG for NO- and ANP-mediated smooth muscle tone regulation, cGKI localization, and for its possible function in blood pressure adjustment, we generated IRAG-knockout mice by targeted deletion of exon 3.

cGMP-dependent protein kinase II and aldosterone secretion.

ACTH-stimulated aldosterone secretion can be inhibited by atrio-natriuretic peptide/cGMP. The mechanism behind this modulation has been reported to involve cGMP-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) and hydrolysis of cAMP. Recently it was reported that activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase II (cGKII) stimulated aldosterone secretion in rat zona glomerulosa cells.