Acute subglottic laryngitis. Etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture.

In about 3% of children, viral infections of the airways that develop in early childhood lead to narrowing of the laryngeal lumen in the subglottic region resulting in symptoms such as hoarseness, abarking cough, stridor, and dyspnea. These infections may eventually cause respiratory failure. The disease is often called acute subglottic laryngitis (ASL).

Impact of adenoid hypertrophy on the open bite in children.

Nasal obstruction caused by adenoid hypertrophy can lead to malocclusion. The research material consisted of children aged 7-12 years with adenoid hypertrophy qualified for adenoidectomy. On the basis of the conducted tests (laryngological, orthodontic, pediatric), the occurrence of open frontal bite in children with pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy, in particular in boys, was confirmed in comparison to children without hypertrophy correctly breathing through the nose.

Bacterial lysates in the prevention of respiratory tract infections.

Bacterial lysates stimulate the general immunity of the body in a non-specific way. They act on non-specific defense mechanisms, leading to an increase in type A antibody in mucous membranes, phagocytic activity and INF-ƴ production. They can also stimulate the production of specific antibodies against the bacterial antigens that make up the preparation.

Treatment strategy of allergic rhinitis in the face of modern world threats.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common form of allergy, which - as epidemiological research has shown - applies to nearly 25% of the population. AR significantly affects the quality of life of the patient, and the more severe the disease, the greater the risk of developing bronchial asthma. One of the factors affecting the severity of symptoms and the degree of their control is air pollution.

Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of hypertrophy and adenoid tissue inflammation in children.

Objective: A tropism to epithelial cells and lymphocytes, an inhibition of apoptosis in host cells, an ability to occurrence in persistent form resistant to antibiotic treatment are the features of Chlamydia pneumoniae, which can have connection with chronic inflammation of an adenoid tissue and adenoid hypertrophy. This study aimed to (1) detect the C. pneumoniae in an adenoid in children undergoing adenoidectomy, (2) estimate a connection between C.

Evaluation of the Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist and Immunoregulatory Interleukin-10 in the Middle Ear in Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion in Children With and Without Atopy.

Objectives: The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the course of chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) has been documented. However, there are fewer studies on the action of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the middle ear. We sought determine whether there is an association between COME and anti-inflammatory cytokines and whether there are any differences in the cytokine profile in COME children with and without atopy.

Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with acute otitis media treatment failure.

Objectives: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major cause of treatment failure in children with acute otitis media (AOM). This study aimed to analyze the types of bacterial strains in fluid isolated from the middle ear of children with AOM who did not respond to oral antibiotic treatment. We also determined the antibiotic resistance of the most frequently isolated bacterial strain (Streptococcus pneumoniae) found in these children.

Pro-inflammatory interleukins in middle ear effusions from atopic and non-atopic children with chronic otitis media with effusion.

Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is associated with irreversible changes in the middle ear, sometimes leading to hearing loss and abnormal language development in children. While the pathogenesis of OME is not fully understood, inflammatory and allergic factors are thought to be involved. The study aimed to investigate the role of cytokines in the local development of chronic OME, and assess differences in the cytokine profiles between atopic and non-atopic children.

Utility of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of multiple Haemophilus influenzae isolates from throat swabs of children with adenoid hypertrophy.

Eleven out of 40 children with adenoiditis were colonized with multiple genotypes of Haemophilus influenzae. Heterogeneous antibiotic susceptibility to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole was observed in 6 children. A multiple-colony methodology may potentially help to find the resistant strains of H.

Carriage of antibiotic-resistant Haemophilus influenzae strains in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Haemophilus influenzae is one of the major pathogenic bacteria in upper respiratory tract of children. In this study, the presence of various H. influenzae genotypes were followed-up for at least 13 weeks, starting from one week before surgery.

Chlamydia pneumoniae and typical bacteria occurrence in adenoid in children qualified for adenoidectomy.

Objective: The ability to occur in a persistent form and to inhibit apoptosis in host cells are the features of Chlamydia pneumoniae which may be associated with adenoid hypertrophy. This study aimed to (1) demonstrate the presence of C. pneumoniae DNA in the adenoid in children qualified for adenoidectomy, (2) evaluate the correlation between the presence of C.

Test for screening olfactory function in children.

Objective: The research determining odors recognizable by children from Poland and Eastern Europe has not been widely described in the literature. The aim of the study was to determine the odors recognizable by Polish children which could be used in a screening olfactory test.

Methods: The study was performed in Children's Hospital in Warsaw.

[Emergence pathogens infections in ENT Department of Children's hospital in 2005-2008].

Introduction: The development of medicine, in this the new techniques and antibiotic therapy enlarged the survivability of patients in hospital. Applying antibiotics caused breakthrough in treatment stepping out in ill's group infections treated in hospital, however enlarging resistance is natural this effect, resulting from: the selection of resistant strains, the formation of new mechanisms of resistance, and/or the spreading of gene of resistance. Multidrug-resistant strains were included to emergence-pathogens group: MRSA, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, VRE, Gram-negative producing beta-lactamase of type the ESBL and/or resistant to carbapenems.

[Upper respiratory tract infections in children caused by atypical bacteria].

Unlabelled: It encounters despite solid progress in development of diagnostic methods diagnostics the diseases of upper respiratory tract and ears in children called out by atypical bacteria's on the ground clinical symptoms and their treatment is difficulty still.

Aim: The performance of accessible review of current literature was on the aim of work opinion of the atypical bacteria's part in evocation the infections the upper respiratory tract and ears in children, and performance of characteristic symptoms of clinical diseases these organs the bacteria's also.

Conclusions: The quoted in work results of investigations do not it let on the unambiguous opinion the atypical bacteria part in contagions of infections the upper respiratory tract and ears in children.

[Atypical bacteria in respiratory tract infections --pathogenesis and diagnosis].

Atypical bacteria, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumonia and Legionella pneumophila play significant role in respiratory tract infections and account for 40% of all cases of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). These organisms also commonly occur as co-pathogens in mixed infections with mortality rates as high as 25%. The biological mechanisms and diagnosis of atypical infections is presented in this study.

[Treatment of the nasal septal hematoma and abscess in children].

Objectives: Estimation of the treatment of the nasal septal hematoma and abscess after injury was performed.

Material And Methods: In 1998-2005 in Department of Otolaryngology Children's Hospital in Warsaw 2500 children after nasal injury were examined. Nasal septal hematoma and abscess were diagnosed in 22 (0,9%).

[Evaluation of antibiotic resistance in material isolated from the middle ear in children with acute otitis media not responding to standard antibiotic treatment].

Introduction: An increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogens is the main cause of failures during treatment of acute otitis media (AOM). Aim. A qualitative and quantitative bacteriological analysis of material isolated from the middle ear in children with AOM treated with antibiotic without improvement.

[Complications of acute sinusitis in children treated in own material].

We describe children with orbital complications of acute sinusitis and analyse symptoms, diagnostic procedure and treatment options. We used X-ray and/or CT of paranasal sinuses to make diagnosis. The most frequent presenting orbital and occular symptoms are preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis.

[The existence vomeronasal organ in adult humans].

The influence of chemical substances (feromones) on human emotional and physical condition has fascinated psychologists, sexuologists and laryngologists since centurie. Literature conveys inconsistent information on vomeronasal organ (VNO) occurrence in humans. This organ is often called Jacobson's, and 2 symmetrical openings leading into it, located on both sides of septum, are called Ruyasch's ducts.

[Bacterial flora in children with recurrent acute otitis media].

The aim of the study was to identify microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibilities of pathogens from middle ear in children with recurrent acute otitis media and acute otitis media. The study comprised 83 children--42 with recurrent acute otitis media and 41 with acute otitis emdia classified for paracentesis. Agar, chocolate, blood and Chapman plates were inoculated for isolation of bacteria.

[The role of the bacterial inflammation in subglottic laryngitis in children].

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of some selected bacteriological factors on the occurrence of subglottic laryngitis in children. The research covered 72 children hospitalized in the Children's Hospital in Warsaw with the following symptoms: dry barking cough, stridor, inspiratory dyspnoea with the participation of auxiliary respiratory muscles, agitation and change of colour of skin. Subglottic laryngitis is one of the acute children's diseases, directly caused by a violently growing odema of the subglottic area.

[Results of treatment with tympanostomy tubes in children with otitis media with effusion].

Introduction: Otitis media with effusion is a common problem in childhood. The tympanostomy tubes is a standard treatment of persistent otitis media with effusion in children which improves hearing level. However some pathological changes of the tympanic membrane and middle ear few years after treatment are observed.

[Nasal septal abscess and palatine process of the maxilla abscess complicating acute rhinosinusitis in a 12-year old boy].

We report a case of nasal septal abscess and palatine process of the maxilla abscess secondary to acute rhinosinusitis in an 12-year-old boy. Rare complication of acute sinusitis is the nasal septum abscess; even rarer is the abscess of the palatine process of the maxilla, which our patient presented. Nasal septum abscess is an reservoir of suppurative secretion between cartilage or bone of the septum and their periostium or perichondrium.