First-trimester HbA in relation to plasma glucose concentrations in an oral glucose tolerance test at 12 to 16 weeks' gestation-a population-based study.

Background: Early-onset GDM often requires pharmacological treatment and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, but data is insufficient regarding the best methods to identify high-risk women requiring early GDM screening. The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of HbA in the prediction of (1) plasma glucose concentrations > 90th percentile in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 12-16 weeks' gestation; and (2) pharmacologically treated early- or late-onset GDM.

Methods: HbA was measured at 8-14 weeks' gestation in a population-based cohort of 1394 Finnish women recruited for the Early Diagnosis of Diabetes in Pregnancy (EDDIE) study between 3/2013 and 12/2016.

Large maternal waist circumference in relation to height is associated with high glucose concentrations in an early-pregnancy oral glucose tolerance test: A population-based study.

Introduction: To explore the role of maternal anthropometric characteristics in early-pregnancy glycemia, we analyzed the associations and interactions of maternal early-pregnancy waist circumference (WC), height and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) with plasma glucose concentrations in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 12-16 weeks' gestation.

Material And Methods: A population-based cohort of 1361 pregnant women was recruited in South Karelia, Finland, from March 2013 to December 2016. All participants had their WC, weight, height, HbA , and blood pressure measured at 8-14 weeks' gestation and subsequently underwent a 2-h 75-g OGTT, including assessment of fasting insulin concentrations, at 12-16 weeks' gestation.

Longitudinal Metabolic Profiling of Maternal Obesity, Gestational Diabetes, and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders.

Context: Comprehensive assessment of metabolism in maternal obesity and pregnancy disorders can provide information about the shared maternal-fetal milieu and give insight into both maternal long-term health and intergenerational transmission of disease burden.

Objective: To assess levels, profiles, and change in the levels of metabolic measures during pregnancies complicated by obesity, gestational diabetes (GDM), or hypertensive disorders.

Design, Setting And Participants: A secondary analysis of 2 study cohorts, PREDO and RADIEL, including 741 pregnant women.

Macronutrient intake during pregnancy in women with a history of obesity or gestational diabetes and offspring adiposity at 5 years of age.

Background/objectives: The impact of maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy on offspring childhood adiposity is unclear. We assessed the associations between maternal macronutrient intake during and after pregnancy with offspring adiposity at 5 years of age. Additionally, we investigated whether gestational diabetes (GDM), BMI, or breastfeeding modified these associations.

Lifestyle and glycemic health 5 years postpartum in obese and non-obese high diabetes risk women.

Aim: Women with prior gestational diabetes (GDM) are at increased diabetes risk. This study aimed to assess whether lifestyle is associated with glycemic health of high-risk women 5 years postpartum, taking into account the pre-pregnancy BMI.

Methods: The RADIEL study enrolled before or in early pregnancy 720 women with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30 kg/m and/or prior GDM.

Oral glucose tolerance test results in early pregnancy: A Finnish population-based cohort study.

Aims: To analyze early-pregnancy oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results and differences between early- and late-pregnancy OGTT results in a population-based cohort.

Methods: From 3/2013 to 12/2016, pregnant women in South Karelia, Finland, were invited to undergo a 2-hour 75 g OGTT at 12-16 weeks' gestation (OGTT1) and, if normal, repeat testing at 24-28 weeks (OGTT2). Early and late gestational diabetes (GDM) were diagnosed using the same nationally endorsed criteria (fasting [FPG], 1- or 2-hour plasma glucose ≥5.

Effect of lifestyle counselling on health-related quality of life in women at high risk for gestational diabetes.

Background: The incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM) is increasing and interventions to curb the detrimental effects of GDM are needed. We have previously reported that a combined diet and physical activity intervention has the potential to reduce GDM among high-risk women. It is also important to know whether the intervention affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Diet quality as assessed by the Healthy Food Intake Index and relationship with serum lipoprotein particles and serum fatty acids in pregnant women at increased risk for gestational diabetes.

The importance of overall diet in modifying circulating lipoprotein particles and fatty acids during pregnancy is unclear. We examined the relationships of diet quality as assessed by the validated Healthy Food Intake Index (HFII) with serum HDL, LDL and VLDL particle concentrations and sizes and proportions of serum fatty acids in pregnant women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Overall, 161 women with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 and/or a history of GDM were drawn from the Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study, which is a dietary and exercise intervention trial to prevent GDM.

Heterogeneity of gestational diabetes (GDM) and challenges in developing a GDM risk score.

Aims: Gestational diabetes (GDM) affects a growing number of women and identification of individuals at risk, e.g., with risk prediction models, would be important.

Prevention of gestational diabetes with a prepregnancy lifestyle intervention - findings from a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Lifestyle intervention studies performed during pregnancy have shown inconsistent results in relation to prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of an intervention initiated already before pregnancy in prevention of GDM in high-risk women.

Patients And Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in four Finnish maternity hospitals between the years 2008 and 2014.

Effect of a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy-findings from the Finnish gestational diabetes prevention trial (RADIEL).

Objective: To assess the effect of lifestyle counseling on perinatal outcomes among women at high risk for gestational diabetes.

Study Design: A total of 492 women with obesity and/or prior gestational diabetes were allocated to intervention (four sessions of lifestyle counseling, n = 249) or usual care (n = 243) before 20 weeks' gestation.

Result: Lifestyle indicators, gestational weight gain, or obstetric and perinatal outcomes did not differ between the two groups.

Heterogeneity of gestational diabetes (GDM) and long-term risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome: findings from the RADIEL study follow-up.

Aims: To assess the metabolic health of obese and non-obese women at high GDM risk 5 years postpartum.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the 5-year follow-up of the RADIEL GDM prevention study including 333 women at high GDM risk (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m and/or previous GDM). Five years postpartum metabolic health was assessed including anthropometric measurements, oral glucose tolerance test, lipid metabolism, and body composition as well as medical history questionnaires.

Effects of a Lifestyle Intervention During Pregnancy and First Postpartum Year: Findings From the RADIEL Study.

Context: Women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM) have a sevenfold risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To assess the effects of a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy and first postpartum year on glucose regulation, weight retention, and metabolic characteristics among women at high GDM risk.

Design: In the Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention study, trained study nurses provided lifestyle counseling in each trimester and 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postpartum.

Body size modifies the relationship between maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and gestational diabetes in high-risk women.

Obesity increases the risk of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and gestational diabetes (GDM). We explored whether the association between GDM and change in 25(OH)D concentrations measured in the first (7-18 wk) and second (20-27 wk) trimesters of pregnancy is dependent on maternal BMI. The study was a prospective study of 219 women with BMI of ≥30 kg/m, a history of GDM, or both.

A randomized lifestyle intervention preventing gestational diabetes: effects on self-rated health from pregnancy to postpartum.

Introduction: The purpose was to examine the effects of a randomized lifestyle intervention on self-rated health from pregnancy to postpartum in participants at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Methods: We included 266 women with a history of gestational diabetes and/or prepregnancy BMI ≥30 kg/m. The intervention group (n = 144) received individualized counseling on diet, physical activity, and weight management from trained nurses at six timepoints between the first trimester of pregnancy and 12 months postpartum, and met three times with a dietitian.

Is improvement in the Healthy Food Intake Index (HFII) related to a lower risk for gestational diabetes?

The aim was to analyse whether changes in the Healthy Food Intake Index (HFII) during pregnancy are related to gestational diabetes (GDM) risk. The 251 pregnant women participating had a pre-pregnancy BMI≥30 kg/m2 and/or a history of GDM. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy for assessment of GDM.

Perceived Financial Satisfaction, Health Related Quality of Life and depressive Symptoms in Early Pregnancy.

Objectives To assess the associations of perceived financial satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and depressive symptoms in an unselected pregnant population in early pregnancy. Methods 750 consecutive pregnant women attending the first communal ultrasound examination before gestational week 14 were invited to participate. Questionnaires assessing HRQoL (15D), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Depression Scale, EPDS), medical, obstetric, and socioeconomic status were handed out.

"The Burden of Pregnancy"; heavier for the heaviest? The changes in Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) assessed by the 15D instrument during pregnancy and postpartum in different body mass index groups: a longitudinal survey.

Introduction: Only little information is available on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its changes during the course of a normal pregnancy. We studied changes in HRQoL in a pregnant population during pregnancy and until 1 year postpartum in different body mass index (BMI) groups.

Material And Methods: Seven hundred and fifty pregnant women attending the first ultrasound examination before gestational week 14 were invited to participate in a longitudinal, communal-based survey.

Healthy Food Intake Index (HFII) - Validity and reproducibility in a gestational-diabetes-risk population.

Background: The aim was to develop and validate a food-based diet quality index for measuring adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) in a pregnant population with high risk of gestational diabetes (GDM).

Methods: This study is a part of the Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL), a lifestyle intervention conducted between 2008 and 2014. The 443 pregnant participants (61 % of those invited), were either obese or had a history of GDM.

Interaction between rs10830963 polymorphism in MTNR1B and lifestyle intervention on occurrence of gestational diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to assess the interaction between melatonin receptor 1B gene (MTNR1B) rs10830963 polymorphism and lifestyle intervention during pregnancy on occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in high-risk women.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the randomised controlled gestational diabetes prevention trial 'RADIEL', conducted between 2008 and 2014 in four maternity hospitals in southern Finland. A total of 226 women with a history of GDM and/or a pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) were enrolled at <20 weeks of gestation (mean 13 weeks) and randomised into an intervention group receiving counselling on diet, physical activity and weight control and a control group receiving standard antenatal care.