TikTok and tics: the possible role of social media in the exacerbation of tics during the COVID lockdown.

Background And Purpose: Over the past year, many cases with newly onset or significantly exacerbated tic disorders were observed worldwide, where some aspects of the clinical presentation or the symptomatology were atypical for established tic diagnoses. Our purpose was to describe the atypical cases and raise relevant diagnostic issues.

Methods: Consecutive cases with atypical tic presentations were documented.

Reflex seizure triggering: Learning about seizure producing systems.

Aim: We aim to study the mechanism of reflex seizure triggering in close link with the system-epilepsy concept.

Method: We use data and theories presented in the literature and scrutinize a few illustrative cases.

Conclusions: The prerequisite of seizure triggering is an epilepsy-prone brain network.

[The role of zonisamide in the management of pediatric partial epilepsy].

In our review we discuss the group of approved antiepileptic drugs for children in Hungary. We cite the results of the review conducted by the International League Against Epilepsy on antiepileptic drug efficacy and effectiveness as initial monotherapy for newly diagnosed epileptic seizures and syndromes in pediatric age group. 25% of pediatric epilepsy is therapy resistant, so we further need new drugs, which must be investigated according to the rules of the European Medicine Agency.

Visual and neurologic deterioration in otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis: 15 year experience.

Objectives: Otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis is a rare complication of acute otitis media whose clinical presentation has changed with the early use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to analyze the changing clinical signs, vaccination status, therapeutic management and outcome of these patients.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 10 children treated with otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis in a tertiary level teaching hospital in Budapest, Hungary, from January 1998 till August 2013.

Timely recanalization of lateral sinus thrombosis in children: should we consider hypoplasia of contralateral sinuses in treatment planning?

The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical and radiological outcomes in children treated with lateral sinus thrombosis secondary to acute mastoiditis considering also contralateral sinus hypoplasia. This study was a retrospective chart review, conducted in tertiary pediatric hospital. Medical reports of eight children with acute mastoiditis and lateral sinus thrombosis from 1998 to 2011 were examined in terms of therapy, clinical recovery and radiological proof of lateral sinus recanalization.

[Acute transverse myelitis in childhood].

We reviewed the medical history, clinical signs, imaging studies, laboratory data and treatment effectiveness of our 10 patients presented with acute idiopathic transverse myelitis. We used the criteria of the Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group (2002). So we excluded all those cases by whom the cause of the inflammation could be detected (e.

[Guillain-Barré syndrome in childhood].

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is clinically well known since 1916. It can occur at any age. Its main characteristic is acute rapidly ascending flaccid paresis.

[Severe intracranial hypotension in an adolescent with Marfan syndrome. Case report].

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a rare complication of connective tissue disorders. One of them is Marfan syndrome. It predisposes the patient to meningeal diverticula.

[Experience with levetiracetam in childhood epilepsy].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam in children with drug resistant epilepsy from a retrospective study.

Methods: We report the result of a study of 85 pediatric patients (mean 10.5 years, range: 1-24) with refractory generalized and focal epilepsy, who received levetiracetam as add-on treatment.

Quantitative EEG effects of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, and possible clinical relevance of the findings.

Unlabelled: Quantitative EEG (QEEG) effects of therapeutic doses of carbamazepine (CBZ), oxcarbazepine (OXC), valproate (VA) and lamotrigine (LA) monotherapy were investigated in patients with beginning epilepsy. Baseline waking EEG (EEG1) was recorded in the untreated state, the second EEG (EEG2) was done after 8 weeks of reaching the therapeutic dose. Left occipital data were used for analysis.

The perisylvian epileptic network. A unifying concept.

In this work the authors provide evidences for a unifying concept of the syndromes of benign focal childhood epilepsies, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, and electrical status epilepticus in sleep treating them as a spectrum of disorders with a common transient, age dependent, non lesional, genetically based epileptogenic abnormality, the nature of which is still not known. The electro-clinical features of these syndromes are congruent with the different degree involvement of the perisylvian cognitive network and with the involvement of the thalamo-cortical associative system of variable degree. These epilepsies are characterized by the abundance of regional epileptiform discharges in sharp contrast with the rare and in several cases lacking seizures.

[Effect of melatonin on intractable epilepsies].

The role of melatonin in human physiology until the second part of XX. century was unknown. The effects of melatonin have been studied in many physiological or pathological states of humans.