Compliance with the 24-Hour Movement Behavior Guidelines and Associations with Adiposity in European Preschoolers: Results from the ToyBox-Study.

In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) published 24 h movement behavior guidelines for preschoolers with recommendations for physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep. The present study investigated the proportion of preschoolers complying with these guidelines (on a total week, weekdays and weekend days), and the associations with adiposity. This cross-sectional study included 2468 preschoolers (mean age: 4.

Reproducibility and relative validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire in European preschoolers: The ToyBox study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the reproducibility and relative validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in assessing food group estimates.

Methods: Food group estimates were assessed via a 37-item FFQ and a 3-d food record (FR). Pearson's correlation coefficients for log-transformed values were calculated to assess the reproducibility and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients for log-transformed values were calculated to assess the validity.

Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of overweight and obesity in a large Pan-European cohort of preschool children and their families: the ToyBox study.

Objectives: Health inequalities are observed among different regions and socioeconomic groups. The present study aimed to record the prevalence of overweight and obesityamong preschoolers across six European countries in relation to sociodemographic and family factors.

Methods: A total of 7554 preschool-aged children and their parents participated in the ToyBox-study.

The weight status of school-age children and its association with gross domestic product.

The Aim: To examine the possible relationship between the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity of Polish children and adolescents and the gross domestic product per capita (GDP).

Material And Methods: This report is based on the results of a nationwide, representative population study. An area of the country, the so-called Eastern Poland, where GDP per capita is less than 80% of the national average, was designated, based on the data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland (CSOP) and was compared with the rest of the country.

The relationship between selected socioeconomic factors and thinness among Polish school-aged children and adolescents.

Unlabelled: The analysis was performed on a database including 17,427 records of subjects aged 7-18 years, randomly sampled from a population of Polish students. Thinness was determined using international cut-off points, defined to pass through body mass index of 18.5 kg/m at the age of 18.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Polish school- aged children and adolescents.

The Aim: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Polish school-aged children and adolescents in a population-based, random sample.

Material And Methods: A total of 17 427 children and adolescents aged 7−18 years (8 327 boys) from a nationally representative random sample were examined from 2007 to 2009 in 416 schools in all regions of Poland. Height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated.

Trends in external causes of child and adolescent mortality in Poland, 1999-2012.

Objectives: To examine the pattern and trend of deaths due to external causes among Polish children and adolescents in 1999-2012, and to compare trends in Poland's neighboring countries.

Methods: Death records were obtained from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. External causes mortality rates (MR) with 95 % confidence interval were calculated.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Polish pre-school-aged children.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a current, nationally representative, random sample of pre-school-aged children in Poland and to compare their overweight and obesity rates with their peers from the US and Norway.

Material And Methods: The height and weight were measured in a total of 5026 randomly sampled children aged 2-6 years and their Body Mass Index was calculated. The prevalence of overweight including obesity was determined using three definitions, i.

The relationship between selected socioeconomic factors and basic anthropometric parameters of school-aged children and adolescents in Poland.

Unlabelled: The aim of the present paper was to examine the associations between anthropometric parameters, overweight, obesity, and socioeconomic status (SES) of children and adolescents in Poland. Data were collected in the "Elaboration of reference blood pressure ranges for children and adolescents in Poland" OLAF-PL0080 (OLAF) study, a nationally representative survey on growth and blood pressure references for children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. Body height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.

Polish 2012 growth references for preschool children.

Unlabelled: Growth references are useful in monitoring a child's growth, which is an essential part of child care. The aim of this paper is to provide updated growth references for Polish preschool children and to assess how well children in Poland match or diverge from the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards/references and recent German height-for-age references. The height-, weight-, body mass index-for-age, and weight-for-height references were constructed with the LMS method using data from a recent, large, population-representative sample of 4,941 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years (the OLA study).

Oscillometric blood pressure percentiles for Polish normal-weight school-aged children and adolescents.

Objective: The objective of this study was to construct blood pressure (BP) references with the use of a validated oscillometric device for normal-weight, school-aged children and adolescents and to study BP predictors.

Methods: BP was measured in 14 266 randomly selected, normal-weight Polish children and adolescents aged 7-18 years, who were free of chronic disease, using a validated oscillometric device (Datascope Accutor Plus). Height, weight and waist circumference were measured.

Population-based centile curves for triceps, subscapular, and abdominal skinfold thicknesses in Polish children and adolescents--the OLAF study.

Unlabelled: Skinfold thicknesses are used as valid anthropometric indicators of regional body fatness. Actual population-based values for skinfold thicknesses for Polish children are not available. The purpose of this study was to provide population-based values for triceps, subscapular, and abdominal skinfold thicknesses in healthy children and adolescents.

Distribution of body mass index categories among Polish children and adolescents from rural and urban areas.

Aim: To demonstrate differences in nutritional status of school-aged children and adolescents depending on school localization (urban/rural), school level (elementary/middle) and gender.

Materials And Methods: Results of current health survey 'Elaboration of the reference range of arterial blood pressure for the population of children and adolescents in Poland' - PL0080 OLAF were used in the analysis. Data were analysed by SAS.

Regional differences in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight among polish children and adolescents.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and underweight in children and adolescents from different provinces in Poland.

Materials And Methods: Data from the recent, large, population-representative sample of school-aged children and adolescents (N=17573) OLAF study: "Elaboration of the reference range of arterial blood pressure for the population of children and adolescents in Poland" - PL0080 OLAF were used in the analysis. The survey was conducted in all provinces of Poland (N=16).

Polish 2010 growth references for school-aged children and adolescents.

Growth references are useful in monitoring a child's growth, which is an essential part of child care. The aim of this paper was to provide updated growth references for Polish school-aged children and adolescents and show the prevalence of overweight and obesity among them. Growth references for height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were constructed with the lambda, mu, sigma (LMS) method using data from a recent, large, population-representative sample of school-aged children and adolescents in Poland (n = 17,573).

The height-, weight-, and BMI-for-age of Polish school-aged children and adolescents relative to international and local growth references.

Background: The growth of children is an indicator of health and society's wellbeing. Growth references are useful in monitoring a child's growth, which is a very important part of child care. Poland's growth references are not updated regularly.