The Effect of Antidepressant Treatment on Neurocognitive Functions, Redox and Inflammatory Parameters in the Context of COVID-19.

Inflammation is an important component of the etiopathology of depression that uses oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) and elevated inflammatory markers. SARS-CoV-2 infection is also associated with abnormal inflammatory processes, which may impair effective treatment of depression in COVID-19 survivors. In the presented study, thirty-three hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were started on antidepressant treatment, and twenty-one were re-evaluated after 4-6 weeks.

Variability and magnitude of brain glutamate levels in schizophrenia: a meta and mega-analysis.

Glutamatergic dysfunction is implicated in schizophrenia pathoaetiology, but this may vary in extent between patients. It is unclear whether inter-individual variability in glutamate is greater in schizophrenia than the general population. We conducted meta-analyses to assess (1) variability of glutamate measures in patients relative to controls (log coefficient of variation ratio: CVR); (2) standardised mean differences (SMD) using Hedges g; (3) modal distribution of individual-level glutamate data (Hartigan's unimodality dip test).

Mental Health Centers. Preliminary evaluation of the pilot program implementation process.

Objectives: The aim of the presented research is to characterize the operating Mental Health Centers (MHCs) and to provide a preliminary assessment of the implementation process of the pilot program model in the area of psychiatric care in Poland.

Methods: The study uses the Polish version of the German questionnaire, which covers four areas: (1) basic conditionsof the model project/pilot program; (2) characteristicsof the organizational structure of the treatment entity; (3) statistical characteristics of the services provided;(4) specific features of the psychiatric care system in model regions/pilot program Mental Health Centers.

Results: Nineteen of the 27 Mental Health Centers completed the survey.

Markers of Schizophrenia-A Critical Narrative Update.

Schizophrenia is a long-term mental disease, associated with functional impairment. Therefore, it is important to make an accurate diagnosis and implement the proper treatment. Biomarkers may be a potential tool for these purposes.

Flexible and Integrative Psychiatric Care Based on a Global Treatment Budget: Comparing the Implementation in Germany and Poland.

The past decade has witnessed the establishment of flexible and integrative treatment (FIT) models in 55 German and Polish psychiatric catchment areas. FIT is based on a global treatment budget (GTB), which integrates funding of all acute psychiatric hospital services for a regional population. Prior research has identified 11 specific program components of FIT in Germany.

Depressive and Neurocognitive Disorders in the Context of the Inflammatory Background of COVID-19.

The dysfunctional effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on the nervous system are established. The manifestation of neuropsychiatric symptoms during and after infection is influenced by the neuroinvasive and neurotrophic properties of SARS-CoV-2 as well as strong inflammation characterised by a specific "cytokine storm". Research suggests that a strong immune response to a SARS-CoV-2 infection and psychological stressors related to the pandemic may cause chronic inflammatory processes in the body with elevated levels of inflammatory markers contributing to the intensification of neurodegenerative processes.

Association of Age, Antipsychotic Medication, and Symptom Severity in Schizophrenia With Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Brain Glutamate Level: A Mega-analysis of Individual Participant-Level Data.

Importance: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies indicate that altered brain glutamatergic function may be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the response to antipsychotic treatment. However, the association of altered glutamatergic function with clinical and demographic factors is unclear.

Objective: To assess the associations of age, symptom severity, level of functioning, and antipsychotic treatment with brain glutamatergic metabolites.

Salivary Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in Alcohol- and Nicotine-Dependent Males.

Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), an 80 kDa glycoprotein, is one of the most commonly employed biomarkers to detect alcohol dependence. Some salivary glycoproteins such as α-amylase, clusterin, haptoglobin, light/heavy-chain immunoglobulin, and transferrin, which alter glycosylation in alcohol-dependent persons, have been suggested to be potential alcohol markers. However, their identification is based on indirect analysis of lectin glycosidic bonds and molecular weight.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy changes in a longitudinal schizophrenia study: a pilot study in eleven patients.

Purpose: Investigation of the longitudinal effect of schizophrenia on changes in various brain-metabolite levels and their relationships with cognitive deficits that have not been fully explained yet.

Methods: Five years subsequent to their first examination for their first episode of schizophrenia, eleven patients from an original group of 30 were reexamined. Their cognitive functions were assessed with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

Choline Compounds of the Frontal Lobe and Temporal Glutamatergic System in Bipolar and Schizophrenia Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.

Purpose: Modern neuroimaging techniques allow investigating brain structures and substances involved in the pathophysiology of mental disorders, trying to find new markers of these disorders. To better understanding of the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, this study was conducted to assess the neurochemical alterations in the frontal and temporal lobes in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Methods: Twenty-one subjects with schizophrenia (paranoid and differentiated types), 16 subjects with bipolar I disorder (manic, depressive, and mixed episode), and 20 healthy subjects were studied.

Neurobiological Effects of Binge Drinking Help in Its Detection and Differential Diagnosis from Alcohol Dependence.

The prevalence of binge drinking in the general population is 3-4 times higher than that of alcohol dependence. Neuroimaging studies show that binge drinking in adolescence impairs brain development and white matter integrity. Regions with reduced functional activity include the limbic system, ventral diencephalon, frontal lobe, and middle and inferior temporal lobes, whereas the right superior frontal and parietal lobes are typically hyperactivated.

How do patients perceive ambulatory psychiatric care and what are their needs?

Introduction And Objective: The quality of a doctor-patient relationship plays a vital role in all fields of medicine. In the case of psychiatry, this role is special as it provides the foundation for the whole therapeutic process. The aim of this study was to investigate the patient's perspective on psychiatric visits: patient's attitudes towards the psychiatrist, patient's view of the patient-psychiatrist relationship, and the patient's needs and expectations from this relationship.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy changes after lithium treatment. Systematic review.

1H MRS is widely used in the research of mental disorders. It enables evaluation of concentration or ratios of several metabolites, which play important roles in brain metabolism: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline containing compounds, myo-inositol and glutamate, glutamine and GABA (together as Glx complex or separately). Specifically in bipolar disorder brain metabolite abnormalities include mostly NAA reduces and Glx increases in different brain regions.

Salivary immune proteins monitoring can help detection of binge and chronic alcohol drinkers: Preliminary findings.

Background: We compared effects of binge and chronic alcohol drinking on oral health and salivary immunity proteins.

Methods: The study involved males: 13 healthy social-drinking (C), 10 alcohol-dependent after chronic alcohol-intoxication (A), and 8 binge-drinkers after a single binge-drinking session (B). We compared periodontal/dental state and salivary immune proteins (lactoferrin -Lf, lysozyme -Lz, oral peroxidase -OPO, immunoglobulin A -IgA) in all groups.

Incidence of postpartum depression and couple relationship quality.

Objectives: The childbirth constitutes a significant event in a woman's life and in the marital/ couple dyad. The changes which follow childbirth require re-organization of previous coping styles and development of new methods of adaptation, which proves difficult. The current study evaluated to what extent the development of postpartum depression symptoms in new mothers was associated with their level of satisfaction in marital relationship.

Relapsing-Remitting Severe Bickerstaff's Brainstem Encephalitis - Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a very rare disease of the central nervous system. Aetiology of the disease is auto-immunological. However, it is not entirely understood.

Neurochemical alterations in anterior cingulate cortex in bipolar disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study (1H-MRS).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine neurochemical alterations in bipolar disorder using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).

Methods: We investigated a group of 27 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (with manic and mixed episodes, depression and after remission of symptoms) and 10 healthy subjects. MR imaging and 1H-MRS were performed on a 1.

Association between serum testosterone levels, body mass index (BMI) and insulin in male patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics--olanzapine or risperidone.

Objective: A sufficient amount of testosterone (T) is essential for adequate sexual functioning but also for cognitive and psychological well-being. Most recent studies have demonstrated that higher BMI and other symptoms of metabolic syndrome are associated with alterations in sex steroid hormone concentrations. Although, neuroleptics are known to cause a significant and sustained weight excess, the relationships between body mass index and the level of testosterone in psychiatric patients have not been thoroughly studied.

[Functioning of the marriages applying for marital therapy].

Aim: Assessment of functioning of the marriages applying for marital therapy.

Method: The research included 44 marriages: 22 of them were qualified for the marital therapy and 22 constituted a control group - were not taking part in therapy. Participants evaluated themselves and their relation using: SCORE-15 (Systematic Clinical Outcome and Routine Evaluation), UMACL (UWIST Mood Adjective Check List), KKM (Marriage Communication Questionnaire).

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures related to short-term symptomatic outcome in chronic schizophrenia.

Introduction: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) enables the evaluation of in vivo brain function. The purpose of the study was to compare ¹H MRS measurements in schizophrenic patients, who were clinical responders after short-term antipsychotic treatment, with non-responders and healthy controls.

Methods: We investigated a group of 47 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy changes after antipsychotic treatment.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) enables the observation of brain function in vivo. Several brain metabolites can be measured by the means of (1)H MRS: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline containing compounds (Cho), myo-inositol (mI) and glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and GABA (together as Glx complex or separately). (1)H MRS measures have been found to be abnormal in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.

Clinical and cognitive correlates of the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures in chronic schizophrenia.

Background: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) allows for examining brain functions in vivo in schizophrenic patients. Correlations between N-acetylaspartate (NAA) level in the frontal lobe and cognitive functions and clinical symptoms have been observed. The aim of the present study was evaluation of relationship between clinical symptoms, cognitive outcomes and brain function in 1H MRS measures in schizophrenic patients.