Evaluating two live-attenuated vaccines against serovar Reading in turkeys: reduced tissue colonization and cecal tonsil transcriptome responses.

Vaccines that cross-protect across serovars of () would be a beneficial intervention against emerging and persistent isolates of concern for the turkey industry. The 2017-2019 foodborne outbreak of serovar Reading (. Reading) revealed the need for effective control of this serovar in turkey production.

Tetracycline resistance gene transfer from Escherichia coli donors to Salmonella Heidelberg in chickens is impacted by the genetic context of donors.

Chicken ceca are a rich source of bacteria, including zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella enterica. The microbiota includes strains/species carrying antimicrobial resistance genes and horizontal transfer of resistance determinants between species may increase the risk to public health and farming systems. Possible sources of these antimicrobial resistance donors - the eggshell carrying bacteria from the hen vertically transmitted to the offspring, or the barn environment where chicks are hatched and raised - has been little explored.

Genomic and phenotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant serovar Reading isolates involved in a turkey-associated foodborne outbreak.

is a global bacterial foodborne pathogen associated with a variety of contaminated food products. Poultry products are a common source of -associated foodborne illness, and an estimated 7% of human illnesses in the United States are attributed to turkey products. From November 2017 to March 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a turkey-associated outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) serovar Reading (.

Commercial vaccine provides cross-protection by reducing colonization of Salmonella enterica serovars Infantis and Hadar in turkeys.

Human foodborne outbreaks with antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica associated with contaminated poultry products have recently involved serogroup C serovars Infantis and Hadar. The current study evaluated a commercially available Salmonella vaccine for cross-protection against Infantis and Hadar serovars in turkeys. The live, attenuated S.

Genomic and phenotypic comparison of two variants of multidrug-resistant serovar Heidelberg isolated during the 2015-2017 multi-state outbreak in cattle.

subspecies serovar Heidelberg ( Heidelberg) has caused several multistate foodborne outbreaks in the United States, largely associated with the consumption of poultry. However, a 2015-2017 multidrug-resistant (MDR) Heidelberg outbreak was linked to contact with dairy beef calves. Traceback investigations revealed calves infected with outbreak strains of Heidelberg exhibited symptoms of disease frequently followed by death from septicemia.

Effects of β-glucan on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium swine colonization and microbiota alterations.

Background: The 2017 Veterinary Feed Directive eliminated the use of medically important antibiotics for growth promotion of food animals; thus, alternative growth promoters are highly desirable by food animal producers to enhance animal health and reduce pathogen colonization, including the human foodborne pathogen Salmonella. β(1-3)(1-6)-D-glucan (β-glucan) is a soluble fiber with prebiotic characteristics; it has been shown to modulate immune and intestinal functions that strengthen swine resistance to health challenges such as bacterial infections when supplemented in the diets of growing pigs. The current study evaluated the effects of a β-glucan product on gut microbial community structure as well as Salmonella shedding and intestinal colonization.

Effect of dietary β-glucan on intestinal microbial diversity and Salmonella vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy in pigs.

Alternatives to antibiotics to improve animal performance, limit the negative impact of infectious disease, and/or reduce colonization with foodborne pathogens is a major focus of animal agricultural research. β-glucans, a generally-recognized-as-safe (GRAS) product derived from various sources, are used in swine and can serve as both a prebiotic and/or stimulant of the immune system given the expression of β-glucan receptors on immune cells. When supplied in the diet of nursery pigs, it is unclear how dietary additives, particularly those known to modulate immune status, impact immunogenicity and efficacy of mucosal-delivered vaccines.

Evaluation of digestively resistant or soluble fibers, short- and medium-chain fatty acids, trace minerals, and antibiotics in nonchallenged nursery pigs on performance, digestibility, and intestinal integrity.

Three experiments (EXP) were conducted to determine the effect of feed additives on performance, intestinal integrity, gastrointestinal volatile fatty acids (VFA), and energy and nutrient digestion in nonchallenged nursery pigs. In EXP 1, 480 pigs (6.36-kg body weight, BW) were placed into 96 pens with 5 pigs/pen, and allotted to 1 of 10 dietary treatments: 1) negative control containing no feed additive (NC), 2) NC + 44 mg chlortetracycline and 38.

Short Chain Fatty Acids and Bacterial Taxa Associated with Reduced Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- Shedding in Swine Fed a Diet Supplemented with Resistant Potato Starch.

Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- is a foodborne pathogen of concern because many isolates are multidrug-resistant (resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) and metal tolerant. In this study, three in-feed additives were individually tested for their ability to reduce Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- shedding in swine: resistant potato starch (RPS), high amylose corn starch, and a fatty acid blend, compared with a standard control diet over 21 days. Only RPS-fed pigs exhibited a reduction in Salmonella fecal shedding, different bacterial community compositions, and different cecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles relative to control animals.

Relationship and distribution of Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain sequences in the NCBI Pathogen Detection database.

Background: Of the > 2600 Salmonella serovars, Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- (serovar I 4,[5],12:i:-) has emerged as one of the most common causes of human salmonellosis and the most frequent multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) nontyphoidal Salmonella serovar in the U.S. Serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- isolates have been described globally with resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline (R-type ASSuT) and an integrative and conjugative element with multi-metal tolerance named Salmonella Genomic Island 4 (SGI-4).

in Swine: Prevalence, Multidrug Resistance, and Vaccination Strategies.

An estimated 1.3 million infections and 420 deaths occur annually in the United States, with an estimated economic burden of $3.7 billion.

Bovine NK-lysin peptides exert potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella outbreak isolates.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella is a threat to public health. Non-antibiotic therapies could serve as important countermeasures to control MDR Salmonella outbreaks. In this study, antimicrobial activity of cationic α-helical bovine NK-lysin-derived antimicrobial peptides was evaluated against MDR Salmonella outbreak isolates.

Transcriptional response of blood leukocytes from turkeys challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1.

Non-typhoidal Salmonella is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne disease and consumption of contaminated poultry products, including turkey, is one source of exposure. Minimizing Salmonella colonization of commercial turkeys could decrease the incidence of Salmonella-associated human foodborne illness. Understanding host responses to these bacteria is critical in developing strategies to minimize colonization and reduce food safety risk.

The Role of Genomic Island 4 in Metal Tolerance of Serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- Pork Outbreak Isolate USDA15WA-1.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to >3 antimicrobial classes) serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strains were linked to a 2015 foodborne outbreak from pork. Strain USDA15WA-1, associated with the outbreak, harbors an MDR module and the metal tolerance element Genomic Island 4 (SGI-4). Characterization of SGI-4 revealed that conjugational transfer of SGI-4 resulted in the mobile genetic element (MGE) replicating as a plasmid or integrating into the chromosome.

Detection of Campylobacter jejuni liver dissemination in experimentally colonized turkey poults.

Consumption of contaminated poultry products, including chicken livers, is the main source of human campylobacteriosis and approximately 90% of human cases are caused by Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni (C. jejuni).

Detection of specific antibody in swine oral fluids.

is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne-related illness and pork products are a food-associated source. With > 50% of U.S.

Complete Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- 2015 U.S. Pork Outbreak Isolate USDA15WA-1.

The genome of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) subsp. serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- isolate from the 2015 U.S.

Cross-protective Salmonella vaccine reduces cecal and splenic colonization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg.

Salmonella vaccine strategies for food-producing animals have typically focused on a specific serovar that either causes production losses due to morbidity/mortality or is an important food safety pathogen for a particular food commodity. The Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium BBS 866 vaccine strain was designed to reduce serovar specificity to provide cross-protection against diverse Salmonella serovars, thereby broadening its applicability for multiple animal and poultry species. We reported cross-protection of the BBS 866 vaccine in swine [Vaccine 34:1241-6].

Chlortetracycline Enhances Tonsil Colonization and Fecal Shedding of Multidrug-Resistant Serovar Typhimurium DT104 without Major Alterations to the Porcine Tonsillar and Intestinal Microbiota.

spp. are estimated to cause 1.2 million cases of human foodborne illness each year in the United States, and pigs can often be asymptomatically colonized with spp.

Modulation of porcine microRNAs associated with apoptosis and NF-κB signaling pathways in response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate eukaryotic gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In addition to their involvement in a variety of biological processes, miRNAs are implicated in the eukaryotic response to bacterial pathogens. The objective of this study was to identify miRNAs involved in the regulation of the porcine response to the human foodborne pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.

Chlortetracycline and florfenicol induce expression of genes associated with pathogenicity in multidrug-resistant serovar Typhimurium.

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) serovar Typhimurium (. Typhimurium) is a serious public health threat as infections caused by these strains are more difficult and expensive to treat. Livestock serve as a reservoir for MDR , and the antibiotics chlortetracycline and florfenicol are frequently administrated to food-producing animals to treat and prevent various diseases.

Porcine Response to a Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- Outbreak Isolate.

Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- has emerged as a common nontyphoidal Salmonella serovar to cause human foodborne illness. An interesting trait of serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- is that it only expresses the fliC gene for bacterial motility (i.e.

Multidrug-Resistant Serovar Typhimurium Isolates Are Resistant to Antibiotics That Influence Their Swimming and Swarming Motility.

Motile bacteria employ one or more methods for movement, including darting, gliding, sliding, swarming, swimming, and twitching. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) carries acquired genes that provide resistance to specific antibiotics, and the goal of our study was to determine how antibiotics influence swimming and swarming in such resistant isolates. Differences in motility were examined for six MDR serovar Typhimurium isolates grown on swimming and swarming media containing subinhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, or tetracycline.

Characterization of a Multidrug-Resistant Serovar Heidelberg Outbreak Strain in Commercial Turkeys: Colonization, Transmission, and Host Transcriptional Response.

Unlabelled: In recent years, multidrug-resistant (MDR) serovar Heidelberg (. Heidelberg) has been associated with numerous human foodborne illness outbreaks due to consumption of poultry. For example, in 2011, an MDR .