Severity of Vessel Color Changes and Macular and Peripheral Whitening in Malarial Retinopathy Are Associated with Higher Total Body and Sequestered Parasite Burdens.

Two-thirds of children with cerebral malaria (CM) exhibit retinopathy characterized by whitening, vessel color changes, and/or hemorrhages. The pathogenesis of malarial retinopathy is not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the relationship between malarial retinopathy and the severity of its components (macular whitening, retinal hemorrhages, and vessel color changes) with the total, circulating, or sequestered parasite load in children with CM.

Ibrutinib-Related Uveitis: A Case Series from Two Tertiary Centres in the United Kingdom.

Purpose: Ibrutinib is an irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor that disrupts B-cell receptor signalling. It is licensed for treatment of low-grade B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, mantle cell lymphoma and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. A few case reports in the literature suggest that uveitis may be a side effect of ibrutinib treatment.

Microbial keratitis in Southern Malawi: a microbiological pilot study.

Objective: Microbial keratitis (MK) is a significant cause of blindness in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the feasibility of using a novel corneal impression membrane (CIM) for obtaining and processing samples by culture, PCR and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in patients presenting with suspected MK in Malawi.

Methods And Analysis: Samples were collected from patients presenting with suspected MK using a 12 mm diameter polytetrafluoroethylene CIM disc.

Using Deep Learning to Segment Retinal Vascular Leakage and Occlusion in Retinal Vasculitis.

Purpose: Retinal vasculitis (RV) is characterised by retinal vascular leakage, occlusion or both on fluorescein angiography (FA). There is no standard scheme available to segment RV features. We aimed to develop a deep learning model to segment both vascular leakage and occlusion in RV.

Predicting Acute and Post-Recovery Outcomes in Cerebral Malaria and Other Comas by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT in CM) - A protocol for an observational cohort study of Malawian children.

Cerebral malaria (CM) remains a significant global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Malarial retinopathy has been shown to be diagnostically and prognostically significant in the assessment of CM. The major mechanism of death in paediatric CM is brain swelling.

RETINAL VASCULITIS SEVERITY ASSESSMENT: Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability of a New Scheme for Grading Wide-Field Fluorescein Angiograms in Retinal Vasculitis.

Purpose: Wide-field fluorescein angiography is commonly used to assess retinal vasculitis (RV), which manifests as vascular leakage and occlusion. Currently, there is no standard grading scheme for RV severity. The authors propose a novel RV grading scheme and assess its reliability and reproducibility.

Clinical Outcomes of Observed and Treated Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy and Relentless Placoid Chorioretinitis.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of treatment on acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) and relentless placoid chorioretinopathy (RPC).

Methods: Cases were identified from three UK uveitis centers. Retrospective analysis of visual acuity recovery; OCT structural outcomes; and retinal lesion quantification in observed and treated cases of APMPPE/RPC.

Syntheses and crystal structure of a (2,6-diiso-propyldi-naphtho-[2,1-:1',2'-][1,3]dithiepin-4-yl)(phen-yl)methanol atropisomer.

The racemic title compound, CHOS, comprises an atropisomeric binaphthyl di-thio-acetal substituted at the methyl-ene carbon atom with a chiral benzyl alcohol. The two naphthalene ring systems are additionally substituted at the 3,3'-position with isopropyl groups. The overall stereochemistry is defined as and .

Syntheses and crystal structures of two di-naph-tho[2,1-:1',2'-][1,3]dithiepine atropisomers.

The closely related title compounds, 1-(di-naphtho-[2,1-:1',2'-][1,3]dithiepin-4-yl)-2,2-di-methyl-propan-1-ol, CHOS, and 2-(di-naphtho-[2,1-:1',2'-][1,3]dithiepin-4-yl)-3,3-di-methyl-butan-2-ol, CHOS, , both comprise an atrop-isomeric binaphthyl di-thio-acetal unit substituted at the methyl-ene carbon atom with a chiral neopentyl alcohol grouping. The overall stereochemistry of the racemate in each case is defined as and . In , the hydroxyl group generates inversion dimers pairwise inter-molecular O-H⋯S hydrogen bonds whereas in , the O-H⋯S link is intra-molecular.

Cerebral malaria-using the retina to study the brain.

Cerebral malaria (CM) remains a common cause of death of children in Africa with annual mortality of 400 000. Malarial retinopathy is a unique set of fundus signs which has diagnostic and prognostic value in CM. Assessment of malarial retinopathy is now widely utilised in clinical care, and routinely incorporated into clinical studies to refine entry criteria.

A systematic review of OCT and OCT angiography in retinal vasculitis.

Background: Retinal vasculitis is a component of uveitis for which the Standardisation of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) working group has no standard diagnostic criteria or severity grading. Fluorescein angiography is the gold standard test to assess retinal vasculitis, but is invasive and time-consuming. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides non-invasive detailed imaging of retinal structures and abnormalities, including blood vessel architecture and flow with OCT angiography (OCT-A).

Measuring the Impact of Malaria on the Living Human Retina.

Retinal examination and imaging are relatively simple methods for studying the dynamic impact of cerebral malaria on the microcirculation of the central nervous system. Retina and brain are affected similarly by Plasmodium falciparum. Unlike the brain, the human retina can be directly observed using commercially available clinical instruments in the setting of a critical care unit, and this can be done repeatedly and non-invasively.

BTS clinical statement for the diagnosis and management of ocular tuberculosis.

The BTS clinical statement for the diagnosis and management of ocular tuberculosis (TB) draws on the expertise of both TB and and ophthalmic specialists to outline the current understanding of disease pathogenesis, diagnosis and management in adults. Published literature lacks high-quality evidence to inform clinical practice and there is also a paucity of data from animal models to elucidate mechanisms of disease. However, in order to improve and standardise patient care, this statement provides consensus points with the currently available data and agreed best practice.

OCT Assisted Quantification of Vitreous Inflammation in Uveitis.

Purpose: Vitreous haze (VH) is a key marker of inflammation in uveitis but limited by its subjectivity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has potential as an objective, noninvasive method for quantifying VH. We test the hypotheses that OCT can reliably quantify VH and the measurement is associated with slit-lamp based grading of VH.