Grain yellowness is an effective predictor of carotenoid content in global sorghum populations.

Identification of high carotenoid germplasm is crucial to assist breeders in provitamin-A biofortification of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). High-performance liquid chromatography is the gold standard for carotenoid quantification, however, it is not feasible for large scale phenotyping due to its high cost and low throughput.

Genetic determinants of plasma testosterone in male blood donors are associated with altered red blood cell characteristics and survival in cold storage and after transfusion.

Genetic mutations in genes regulating plasma testosterone in men may interfere with effective erythropoiesis, and may result in red blood cell (RBC) dysfunction and hemolysis. The aim of this study was to identify genetic polymorphisms in male donors that regulate plasma testosterone and impact RBC survival in cold storage and after transfusion. We evaluated nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported to be associated with circulating testosterone in male plasma.

Impact of heat and high-moisture pH treatments on starch digestibility, phenolic composition, and cell bioactivity in sorghum ( L. Moench) flour.

Sorghum ( L. Moench), characterized by substantial genetic diversity, encompasses some lines rich in health-promoting polyphenols. Laboratory studies have demonstrated anticancer properties of sorghum phenolics; however, their presence may impact nutritional factors, such as digestible starch.

Stored platelet hemostatic phenotype and function is not altered when donors are on testosterone replacement therapy.

Background: Critical shortages in the national blood supply have led to a re-evaluation of previously overlooked donor sources for blood products. As a part of that effort, red blood cells collected from therapeutic phlebotomy of donors on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) have been conditionally approved for transfusion. However, platelets from TRT donors are not currently approved for use due to limited data on effects of supraphysiologic testosterone on recipient safety and platelet function.

Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal regulatory networks associated with nutrition synthesis in sorghum seeds.

Cereal seeds are vital for food, feed, and agricultural sustainability because they store and provide essential nutrients to human and animal food and feed systems. Unraveling molecular processes in seed development is crucial for enhancing cereal grain yield and quality. We analyze spatiotemporal transcriptome and metabolome profiles during sorghum seed development in the inbred line 'BTx623'.

Testosterone supplementation increases red blood cell susceptibility to oxidative stress, decreases membrane deformability, and decreases survival after cold storage and transfusion.

Background: Blood collection from donors on testosterone therapy (TT) is restricted to red blood cell (RBC) concentrates to avoid patient exposure to supraphysiological testosterone (T). The objective of this study was to identify TT-related changes in RBC characteristics relevant to transfusion effectiveness in patients.

Study Design: This was a two-part study with cohorts of patients and blood donors on TT.

Interventions to Prevent Falls in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance: Falls are the most common cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality in older adults.

Objective: To systematically review evidence on the effectiveness and harms of fall prevention interventions in community-dwelling older adults.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials for relevant English-language literature published between January 1, 2016, and May 8, 2023, with ongoing surveillance through March 22, 2024.

"Walk me through the final day": A thematic analysis study on the family caregiver experience of the Medical Assistance in Dying procedure day.

Background: Legalization of assisted dying is progressively expanding worldwide. In Canada, the Medical Assistance in Dying Act became law in 2016. As assisted dying regulations evolve worldwide, comprehending its subjective impact and broader consequences, especially on family members, becomes pivotal for shaping practice, policy, and training.

Development of a Health Equity Framework for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance: Clinical practice guidelines can play an important role in mitigating health inequities. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has prioritized addressing health equity and racism in its recommendations.

Objective: To develop a framework that would allow the USPSTF to incorporate a health equity lens that spans the entirety of its recommendation-making process.

Effect of Flour Particle Size on the Glycemic Index of Muffins Made from Whole Sorghum, Whole Corn, Brown Rice, Whole Wheat, or Refined Wheat Flours.

The unique properties of sorghum are increasingly being studied for potential health benefits, with one area of emphasis being the impact of sorghum consumption on mitigating type 2 diabetes. The glycemic index (GI) of muffins made from whole grain sorghum flour ground to three different particle sizes (fine, intermediate, coarse) was tested on eight healthy volunteers (ages 18-40) and compared to the glycemic index of whole grain corn, wheat, and rice flours produced using a similar product formula. Sorghum flour ground through a 0.

On the benefits of the tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse aging.

Tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway influences molecular processes critical to healthy aging including immune signaling, redox homeostasis, and energy production. Aberrant kynurenine metabolism occurs during normal aging and is implicated in many age-associated pathologies including chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, and cancer. We and others previously identified three kynurenine pathway genes-tdo-2, kynu-1, and acsd-1-for which decreasing expression extends lifespan in invertebrates.

Impact of Standardized Multidisciplinary Critical Care Training on Confidence with Critical Illness and Attitudes Towards Interprofessional Education and Multidisciplinary Care.

Introduction: The Fundamental Critical Care Support Course (FCCS) is a standardized multidisciplinary program designed to educate participants on the basics of identification and management of patients with critical illness. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of FCCS participation on confidence in the assessment and management of critically ill patients and attitudes towards multidisciplinary education and interprofessional care in a multidisciplinary group of participants.

Methods: Participants enrolled in the FCCS course from May 2018 to November 2019 were solicited to participate in a series of surveys evaluating their course experience and confidence in critical care.

Dry fractionation process operations in the production of protein concentrates: A review.

The market for plant proteins is expanding rapidly as the negative impacts of animal agriculture on the environment and resources become more evident. Plant proteins offer competitive advantages in production costs, energy requirements, and sustainability. Conventional plant-protein extraction is water and chemical-intensive, posing environmental concerns.

Performance of a Handheld MicroNIR Instrument for Determining Protein Levels in Sorghum Grain Samples.

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is widely used for evaluating quality traits of cereal grains. For evaluating protein content of intact sorghum grains, parallel NIR calibrations were developed using an established benchtop instrumentation (Perten DA-7250) as a baseline to test the efficacy of an adaptive handheld instrument (VIAVI MicroNIR OnSite-W). Spectra were collected from 59 grain samples using both instruments at the same time.

The impact of COVID-19 on the experiences of patients and their family caregivers with medical assistance in dying in hospital.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures have drastically impacted end-of-life and grief experiences globally, including those related to medical assistance in dying (MAiD). No known qualitative studies to date have examined the MAiD experience during the pandemic. This qualitative study aimed to understand how the pandemic impacted the MAiD experience in hospital of persons requesting MAiD (patients) and their loved ones (caregivers) in Canada.

Variations in Total Protein and Amino Acids in the Sequenced Sorghum Mutant Library.

Sorghum () is the fifth most important cereal crop worldwide; however, its utilization in food products can be limited due to reduced nutritional quality related to amino acid composition and protein digestibility in cooked products. Low essential amino acid levels and digestibility are influenced by the composition of the sorghum seed storage proteins, kafirins. In this study, we report a core collection of 206 sorghum mutant lines with altered seed storage proteins.

Rapid evidence review: Policy actions for the integration of public health and health care in the United States.

Objective: To identify policy actions that may improve the interface of public health and health care in the United States.

Methods: A rapid review of publicly-available documents informing the integration of public health and health care, and case examples reporting objective measures of success, with abstraction of policy actions, related considerations, and outcomes.

Results: Across 109 documents, there were a number of recurrent themes related to policy actions and considerations to facilitate integration during peace time and during public health emergencies.

Optimization of tannin-containing sorghum bran addition to gluten-free bread.

Ingredients used to enhance sensory quality of gluten-free (GF) bread often lack in nutrients. This presents nutritional challenges for celiac-positive individuals and fails to meet expectations of healthfulness for non-celiac GF consumers. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.

Development of the Patient- and Observer-Reported PRUCISION Instruments to Assess Pruritus and Sleep Disturbance in Pediatric Patients with Cholestatic Liver Diseases.

Introduction: Understanding how patients experience their disease is a vital step in optimal disease management, and patient- and observer-reported outcome (PRO and ObsRO, respectively) measures can add important details to clinical information that is obtained as novel treatments are developed. Instruments that measure meaningful symptoms and impacts from the perspective of pediatric patients with cholestatic liver disease or their caregivers are needed. This study aimed to identify salient concepts in pediatric cholestatic liver disease, develop novel PRO and ObsRO instruments, and establish the instruments' content validity.

Sorghum Flour Application in Bread: Technological Challenges and Opportunities.

Sorghum has a long history of use in the production of different types of bread. This review paper discusses different types of bread and factors that affect the physicochemical, technological, rheological, sensorial, and nutritional properties of different types of sorghum bread. The main types of bread are unleavened (roti and tortilla), flatbread with a pre-ferment (injera and kisra), gluten-free and sorghum bread with wheat.