Publications by authors named "Beam E"
Introduction: Heplisav-B, a CpG-adjuvanted recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, has a higher seroprotection rate and immunogenicity than the conventional HBV vaccine. This study aimed to identify the predictors of HBV seroprotection post-transplantation in thoracic organ transplant recipients who received Heplisav-B.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of adult thoracic organ (heart and lung) transplant recipients at Mayo Clinic sites in Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida between January 2020 and August 2023.
: is an uncommon pathogen that has been reported to infect musculoskeletal structures. However, studies are largely limited to case reports, and little is known regarding management and outcomes of these infections. : We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of adults with culture-confirmed musculoskeletal infections at three Mayo Clinic centers in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota from November 2011 through April 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Development of brain abscess following solid organ transplantation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We undertook a descriptive study to evaluate the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of brain abscess in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients at three major transplant centers in the United States.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of adults with brain abscess following SOT between January 2000 and June 2021 at Mayo Clinic sites in Arizona, Minnesota, and Florida.
In recent history, outbreaks of high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) have raised health security concerns among the global community. As HCIDs continue to emerge, public health systems around the world experience the burden of implementing adequate preparedness and response measures to ensure the safety and security of their populations. HCID outbreak response efforts have highlighted the need for specialized training in safety and infection prevention and control for frontline workers who may encounter ill patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination is recommended for solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates. However, there is a lack of data on the HBV vaccine compliance, serologic response, and durability of HBV seroprotection in thoracic organ transplantation recipients.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of adult thoracic organ (heart and lung) transplant candidates who received HBV vaccination at Mayo Clinic sites in Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida between January 2018 and August 2023.
Background: Identification and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) mitigate the risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation after transplantation. TB reactivation is higher in those with indeterminate QuantiFERON (QFT) than those with negative results. Management of indeterminate QFT results in the pretransplant period remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) can occur in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with previously inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Previous studies have reported that HBVr is generally less than 10% in nonliver SOT recipients with past HBV infection.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study from January 2018 to August 2023 at Mayo Clinic sites in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota.
Background: Nocardia often causes pulmonary infection among those with chronic pulmonary disease or immunocompromising conditions. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is recommended as first-line treatment, though little data exists regarding outcomes of different dosing regimens.
Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of adult patients with non-disseminated pulmonary nocardiosis initially treated with TMP-SMX monotherapy.
Background: Solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates should be screened and treated for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to prevent tuberculosis (TB) reactivation after transplantation. We aimed to assess the steps from positive QuantiFERON (QFT) through LTBI treatment (cascade of care) in the SOT population.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of SOT recipients older than 18 y with a positive QFT during pretransplant evaluation at the Mayo Clinic from January 2010 to June 2023.
Article Synopsis
- Nocardiosis mainly affects immunocompromised patients and can recur, leading to secondary prophylaxis for those at high risk, yet data on its recurrence and prophylaxis effectiveness is limited.
- A study examined 303 adults diagnosed with nocardiosis from Nov 2011 to Apr 2022, focusing on those who completed primary treatment and had follow-up, using propensity score matching to analyze secondary prophylaxis effects.
- Results showed a low recurrence rate (5%) with recurrences mostly occurring shortly after treatment or years later, but secondary prophylaxis did not significantly reduce recurrence risk, suggesting that long-term antibiotics may not be necessary for everyone.
In recognition of an increasing number of high-consequence infectious disease events, a group of subject-matter experts identified core safety principles that can be applied across all donning and doffing protocols for personal protective equipment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Surgical-site infections (SSIs) are common in liver transplant recipients. The optimal SSI antimicrobial prophylaxis agent and duration are not established. We aimed to explore risk factors for SSIs after transplant, with a particular interest in the impact of perioperative antibiotic regimen on the development of SSIs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common cause of infection after transplantation, but few studies have evaluated its epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes among pancreas transplant recipients. We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent pancreas transplantation from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2020, at 3 sites in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota. The primary outcome was clinically significant CMV infection (csCMVi), defined as CMV disease or infection requiring antiviral therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: BK polyomavirus (BKV) infection is a common complication of kidney transplantation. While BKV has been described in non-kidney transplant recipients, data are limited regarding its epidemiology and outcomes in pancreas transplant recipients.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent pancreas transplantation from 2010-2020.
Article Synopsis
- Nocardiosis primarily affects immunocompromised patients and those with chronic lung diseases, with mixed findings regarding the impact of disseminated infections on outcomes.
- In a study of 511 adults, 31.3% had advanced infections and 15.8% died within a year; advanced infections were linked to higher mortality rates, while disseminated infections were not.
- The research suggests that factors like the Charlson Comorbidity Index and specific infection sites are more important for predicting mortality than the mere presence of disseminated infections, highlighting the need for further studies focusing on these aspects.
In 2022, the largest global outbreak of mpox to date emerged. In the immunocompetent host, mpox generally presents as a self-limiting illness. However, immunosuppression, such as that seen with advanced HIV, has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality related to mpox infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Specific pretransplant infections have been associated with poor posttransplant outcomes. However, the impact of pretransplant Nocardia isolation has not been studied.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study from three centers in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota of patients with Nocardia infection or colonization who subsequently underwent solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from November 2011 through April 2022.
Unlabelled: Surgical-site infection (SSI) is the most common early infectious complication after pancreas transplantation (PT). Although SSI has been shown to worsen outcomes, little data exist to guide optimal choices in perioperative prophylaxis.
Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of PT recipients from 2010-2020 to examine the effect of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis with coverage.
Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a potentially fatal infection afflicting the immunocompromised population, including solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Several risk factors have been described; however, little is known regarding the risk of PJP in SOT recipients with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD).
Methods: We performed a nested case-control study of SOT recipients diagnosed with PJP from 2000 to 2020.
Background: Heat strain and dehydration can affect an individual's physical and mental performance. The purpose of this review was to examine the literature for the impact of heat strain on health care workers (HCWs) who care for patients with high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), discuss the risks of impaired safety caused by heat strain and dehydration in HCID environments, identify attempts to combat PPE-related heat strain, recognize limitations, and provide suggestions for further research.
Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed or MEDLINE and Google Scholar.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigated the incidence of nocardiosis, an infection affecting immunocompromised solid organ transplant recipients, finding that 2.65% of these patients are at risk for developing it, yet limited research exists on preventive measures.
- - Researchers conducted a case-control study involving 123 SOT recipients with confirmed nocardiosis and 245 matched uninfected controls, discovering several risk factors like elevated immunosuppressant levels and a lack of specific prophylaxis were associated with the infection.
- - Results showed that the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis significantly reduced the odds of developing nocardiosis and increased the risk of 12-month mortality in infected patients, highlighting the importance of
Article Synopsis
- In 2019, a team reviewed air medical evacuation for high-consequence pathogen patients, and following the COVID-19 pandemic, they re-evaluated recent literature to identify innovations in this area.
- They searched PubMed/MEDLINE for publications from February 2019 to October 2021, eventually finding 19 relevant studies that highlighted early COVID-19 transports using existing protocols from Ebola virus cases.
- Findings noted advancements in preflight, in-flight, and postflight procedures, emphasizing the need for further research into isolation units and systems for transporting multiple patients.