A controlled study of medial arterial calcification of legs: implications for diabetic polyneuropathy.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and medial arterial calcification (MAC), possibly related to prevalence and severity of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN).

Objective: To assess the prevalence, risk covariates, and implication of MAC in a controlled study of healthy subjects and patients with DM.

Design: Masked evaluation of radiographs.

Primary mixed tumor of bone.

Mixed tumors occur most commonly in major salivary glands. They may rarely appear in other sites, such as skin, breast, and lung. There have been rare reports of similar tumors occurring in bone.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma arising in myositis ossificans.

A 53-year-old woman had extraskeletal osteosarcoma that developed from a soft tissue bony mass present on the volar aspect of the left wrist for 4 years. Initially, the bony mass was soft and movable, but during the first year it became hard and fixed. The patient had no history of trauma.

Chondromyxoid fibroma of bone: a clinicopathologic review of 278 cases.

In a study of the clinical, radiographic, and pathological features of chondromyxoid fibroma, the tumor was slightly more common in men, usually in the second decade of life. Almost half of the tumors involved the long bones, although the ilium and the small bones were also common sites. Roentgenograms showed a sharply marginated, lobulated, lucent defect in the metaphysis.

Malignant giant cell tumor of the tendon sheaths and joints (malignant pigmented villonodular synovitis).

Malignant pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare lesion whose existence may be debatable. We studied eight cases that we consider to be examples of malignant PVNS. The three male and five female patients were aged 12 to 79 years.

Screen-film versus computed radiography imaging of the hand: a direct comparison.

Objective: Computed radiography of the musculoskeletal system has the potential to become a powerful tool in the practice of diagnostic radiology. It addresses many of the geographic and film-distribution concerns facing diagnostic imaging. We undertook this study to compare and document the quality of computed radiographs and conventional screen-film images before widespread implementation.

Parosteal osteoma of bones other than of the skull and face.

Background: Osteoma of the skull and facial bones is not uncommon, is usually asymptomatic, and may be associated with Gardner's syndrome. Osteomas involving other bones are unusual.

Methods: The authors describe 14 cases (eight men and six women from age 21-66 years) of parosteal osteoma of bones other than of the skull and face.

Oncogenic osteomalacia: a clinicopathologic study of 17 bone lesions.

Oncogenic osteomalacia is an unusual and rare clinicopathologic syndrome characterized by mesenchymal tumors that apparently produce osteomalacia and biochemical abnormalities consisting of hypophosphatemia, normocalcemia, and increased levels of alkaline phosphatase. We collected from the Mayo Clinic files and from our consultation files the records for 17 cases of osteomalacia associated with bone lesions. There were five cases of fibrous dysplasia, three of hemangiopericytoma, and two of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor.

Parosteal osteosarcoma. A clinicopathological study.

The records of 226 patients (sixty-seven who were managed at our institution and 159 who were identified from the consultation files) who had had a parosteal osteosarcoma were reviewed. The criteria for diagnosis were that, roentgenographically, the lesion had arisen from the surface of the bone and that, histologically, the tumor was well differentiated (Grade 1 or 2); it was characterized by well formed osteoid within a spindle-cell stroma; and, when there was medullary involvement, less than 25 per cent of the medullary cavity was affected. Dedifferentiation was more common (16 per cent of the patients) than previously reported and was associated with a poor prognosis.

Massive osteolysis.

Massive osteolysis is rare, peculiar, and enigmatic. The clinical, radiographic, and histologic features were reviewed in 11 cases. The patients were generally young (mean age, 20.

Fibrocartilagenous mesenchymoma of bone.

We studied 12 cases of a rare primary bone neoplasm--fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma--including five from the original report on this condition. The seven male and five female patients were 9 to 25 years old. The metaphyses of the long bones were the most common site, with the fibula accounting for a third of all cases.

Osteosarcoma of the hand. A clinicopathologic study of 12 cases.

Background: The incidence of osteosarcoma of the hand is about 0.18% of all osteosarcomas.

Methods: This study describes the clinicopathologic profile of 12 patients (3 Mayo Clinic and 9 consultation) with osteosarcoma of the hand (13 tumors).

Nonepiphyseal giant cell tumor of the long bones. Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic study.

Background: Giant cell tumors (GCT) usually involve the epiphyses of long bones and only rarely involve the metaphysis or diaphysis without epiphyseal extension.

Methods: This report presents the clinical and pathologic features of 14 patients with metaphyseal and diaphyseal GCT. Of these tumors, 10 were metaphyseal; 2, metadiaphyseal; and 2, diaphyseal.

Fluoroscopically positioned radiographs of total shoulder arthroplasty.

Between January 1990 and January 1991, 87 patients (100 shoulder arthroplasties) were radiographically examined with both standard and fluoroscopically positioned views. The sets of radiographs were compared and assessed for acceptability (the ability to interpret the interfaces), presence or absence of radiolucent zones, and differences between size and location of radiolucent zones. Fifty-six of the standard radiographs were unacceptable because of obliquity of the x-ray beam protection; only three localized views were unacceptable (p < 0.

Giant cell tumor of the skull.

Background: Most giant cell tumors (GCT) occur at the ends of long bones. There is little information about GCT of the skull bones.

Methods: The authors reviewed the Mayo Clinic files, which contained 546 cases of GCT, and their own consultation files, which contained approximately 1500 cases.

Benign giant-cell tumor of bone with pulmonary metastases: clinical findings and radiologic appearance of metastases in 13 cases.

Tumors that metastasize are considered "malignant" by definition. However, benign giant-cell tumor of bone is an exception because of the potential for histologically benign pulmonary metastases, a fact seldom emphasized in the radiologic literature. We therefore report our experience with 13 cases of pulmonary metastasis among 475 patients (prevalence, 3%) in whom benign giant-cell tumor of bone was diagnosed before 1990 at our institution.

Desmoplastic fibroma of bone.

Desmoplastic fibroma is a rare primary tumor of bone that histologically and biologically mimics the extra-abdominal desmoid tumor of soft tissue. This study reviews 27 cases of desmoplastic fibroma, consisting of 9 from the Mayo Clinic files and 18 from our consultation files. There was a male predominance, and 74% of the patients were in the first 3 decades of life.

Solitary congenital fibromatosis (infantile myofibromatosis) of bone.

Congenital fibromatosis is a rare and benign myofibroblastic tumor that may occur in either a solitary or multicentric form. The soft-tissue form of this entity is well recognized. This report analyzes the clinical and pathologic features of 14 cases of congenital fibromatosis in which the tumor existed as a solitary lesion in bone.

Chondrosarcomas of the synovium.

Chondrosarcoma of the synovium, either primary or secondary to synovial chondromatosis, is rare. Ten cases of synovial chondrosarcoma were studied (four from the Mayo Clinic files and six from the authors' consultation files). Two were considered primary.

Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neural axis.

An unusual fibrocalcifying lesion of the neural axis was identified in 14 cases. The radiographic appearance was that of a mass, which in some instances was calcified. The surrounding structures were compressed and the adjacent bone was involved.