Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: An International Multisite Cohort Study.

Concerns have been raised that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) may increase the risk of thyroid cancer, but evidence remains conflicting. We therefore investigated if GLP1-RA use, compared with use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), was associated with thyroid cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. This multisite cohort study with subsequent meta-analysis included six population-based databases from Canada (Ontario), Denmark, Norway, South Korea, Sweden, and Taiwan.

Association of Genomic Alterations with the Presence of Serum Monoclonal Proteins in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

The presence of a monoclonal protein detected by serum immunofixation electrophoresis (sIFE) has been reported as an adverse prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the genetic underpinning of this finding has not been studied. We retrospectively studied 97 CLL patients with simultaneous information on sIFE and genetic alterations detected by next-generation sequencing.

From Cells to Organoids: Sociological Considerations for the Bioengineering of Human Models.

By examining the laboratory practices behind designing and crafting organoids-miniature, three-dimensional cellular structures that replicate organ functions-we highlight a critical shift in biomedical research. Over the past 16 years, advances in stem cell research have transitioned from generating stem cells to utilising these cells in building sophisticated organ models and bioengineered tissues. This transition represents a significant move from the 'what' of cell creation to the 'how' of constructing and interpreting three-dimensional human models.

Epigenetic features support the diagnosis of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and identify 2 clinicobiological subtypes.

The recognition of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) as a separate entity is controversial based on the current classification systems. Here, we analyzed the DNA methylome of a cohort of 20 B-PLL cases diagnosed according to the guidelines of the International Consensus Classification/Fourth revised edition of the World Health Organization Classification, and compared them with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), and normal B-cell subpopulations. Unsupervised principal component analyses suggest that B-PLL is epigenetically distinct from CLL, MCL, and SMZL, which is further supported by robust differential methylation signatures in B-PLL.

The genomic landscape of transformed splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma.

The genetic landscape underlying the transformation of splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma (SDRPL) is not well understood. The present study aimed to unravel the genomic alterations involved in the progression and transformation of SDRPL. We performed genetic studies on both SDRPL and subsequent or synchronous diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples in three SDRPL patients who eventually developed DLBCL.

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with NPM1 mutation or acute myeloid leukemia?

The 2022 WHO revision and the ICC classification have recently modified the diagnostic criteria for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and acute myeloid leukemia. However, there is no consensus on whether CMML with NPM1 mutation (NPM1mut) should be diagnosed as AML. Nowadays, it is a subject of discussion because of its diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Large B-cell lymphomas with CCND1 rearrangement have different immunoglobulin gene breakpoints and genomic profile than mantle cell lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is genetically characterized by the IG::CCND1 translocation mediated by an aberrant V(D)J rearrangement. CCND1 translocations and overexpression have been identified in occasional aggressive B-cell lymphomas with unusual features for MCL. The mechanism generating CCND1 rearrangements in these tumors and their genomic profile are not known.

Risk of hepatic events associated with use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and thiazolidinediones among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Objective: To examine the hepatic effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) through a head-to-head comparison with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) or thiazolidinediones (TZD) in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Design: This population-based cohort study was conducted using a nationwide healthcare claims database (2014-2022) of Korea. We included individuals with MASLD (aged ≥40 years) who initiated SGLT-2i or comparator drugs (GLP-1RA or TZD).

Treatment Patterns and Persistence Among Patients Newly Diagnosed With Migraine in South Korea: A Retrospective Analysis of Health Claims Data.

Background And Purpose: Migraine is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases worldwide. Although diverse treatment regimens have been recommended, there is insufficient evidence for which treatment patterns to apply in routine clinical settings.

Methods: We used nationwide claims data from South Korea for 2015-2021 to identify incident migraine patients with at least one prescription for migraine.

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, Dulaglutide, and Risk for Dementia : A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Both sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) may have neuroprotective effects in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, their comparative effectiveness in preventing dementia remains uncertain.

Objective: To compare the risk for dementia between SGLT2 inhibitors and dulaglutide (a GLP-1 RA).

Thromboembolism after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in atrial fibrillation/flutter: a self-controlled case series study.

Background And Aims: Concerns about the safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) have arisen due to reports of thrombo-embolic events following COVID-19 vaccination in the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of thrombo-embolic events after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with AF/AFL.

Methods: This was a modified self-controlled case-series study using a comprehensive nationwide-linked database provided by the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of thrombo-embolic events.

PCSK9 Inhibitors and Infection-Related Adverse Events: A Pharmacovigilance Study Using the World Health Organization VigiBase.

Aims: Protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) are novel lipid-lowering agents used in patients with cardiovascular disease. Despite reassuring safety data from pivotal trials, increasing evidence from real-world studies suggests that PCSK9i increase the risk of bacterial and viral infections. Therefore, this study aimed to identify signals of infection-related adverse events (AEs) associated with PCSK9i.

Biological and clinical determinants shaping heterogeneity in mantle cell lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon mature B-cell lymphoma that presents a clinical spectrum ranging from indolent to aggressive disease, with challenges in disease management and prognostication. MCL is characterized by significant genomic instability, affecting various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, cell survival, DNA damage response and telomere maintenance, NOTCH and NF-κB/ B-cell receptor pathways, and chromatin modification. Recent molecular and next-generation sequencing studies unveiled a broad genetic diversity among the 2 molecular subsets, conventional MCL (cMCL) and leukemic nonnodal MCL (nnMCL), which may partially explain their clinical heterogeneity.

Patient-derived follicular lymphoma spheroids recapitulate lymph node signaling and immune profile uncovering galectin-9 as a novel immunotherapeutic target.

Follicular lymphoma (FL), the most common indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, constitutes a paradigm of immune tumor microenvironment (TME) contribution to disease onset, progression, and heterogenous clinical outcome. Here we present the first FL-Patient Derived Lymphoma Spheroid (FL-PDLS), including fundamental immune actors and features of TME in FL lymph nodes (LNs). FL-PDLS is organized in disc-shaped 3D structures composed of proliferating B and T cells, together with macrophages with an intermediate M1/M2 phenotype.

Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel in Patients With or Without Chronic Liver Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Although the effectiveness and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel may differ in patients with chronic liver disease, there is a scarcity of evidence comparing ticagrelor and clopidogrel in patients with chronic liver disease. We aimed to evaluate the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major bleeding associated with ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to acute coronary syndrome by chronic liver disease status.

Methods: Using the Korean healthcare claim database, we included adult patients who underwent PCI and initiated ticagrelor or clopidogrel treatment within 7 days of an acute coronary syndrome diagnosis.

SOX11/PRDX2 axis modulates redox homeostasis and chemoresistance in aggressive mantle cell lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell neoplasm characterized by an aggressive behavior, short responses to conventional therapies and SOX11 overexpression, which is associated with aggressive disease features and inferior clinical outcome of patients. Oxidative stress is known to induce tumorigenesis and tumor progression, whereas high expression levels of antioxidant genes have been associated with chemoresistance in different cancers. However, the role of oxidative stress in MCL pathogenesis and the involvement of SOX11 regulating redox homeostasis in MCL cells are largely unknown.

Predictors, mortality, and health outcomes of intensive phase non-adherence to a regimen in patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis: a nationwide linkage database.

Objectives: The clinical importance of adhering to the regimen in tuberculosis patients has been widely investigated, but most studies were conducted in controlled settings and in limited populations. We aimed to measure the level of real-world adherence during intensive phase and investigate the predictors and the risk of mortality and health outcomes of intensive phase non-adherence in tuberculosis patients.

Study Design: We conducted a nationwide cohort study by linking the Korean National Tuberculosis Surveillance System and the National Health Information Database.