Antibiotic Utilization Among People With Multiple Sclerosis in the Netherlands, 2018-2020.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the intensity and patterns of antibiotic drug use among people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) in the Netherlands.

Methods: People with prevalent MS between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2020 were identified using ambulatory hospital records from the PHARMO Database Network that contains routinely collected healthcare data from the Netherlands. Out-patient pharmacy dispensing data were used to assess type of antibiotic, dosage, and amounts dispensed.

Cross-Regional Data Initiative for the Assessment and Development of Treatment for Neurological and Mental Disorders.

Purpose: To describe and categorize detailed components of databases in the Neurological and Mental Health Global Epidemiology Network (NeuroGEN).

Methods: An online 132-item questionnaire was sent to key researchers and data custodians of NeuroGEN in North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. From the responses, we assessed data characteristics including population coverage, data follow-up, clinical information, validity of diagnoses, medication use and data latency.

Prescribing of low-dose rivaroxaban in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.

Aims: Low-dose rivaroxaban has been indicated for the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) after recent (2019-2020) updates to European guidelines. We aimed to describe prescription trends of low-dose rivaroxaban in ASCVD patients over the period 2015-2022 in two European countries, to compare the trends before and after guideline changes, and to determine the characteristics of users.

Methods: In a cross-sectional interrupted time series analysis, utilization of low-dose rivaroxaban (2.

Mapping the risk of infections in patients with multiple sclerosis: A multi-database study in the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and Aurum.

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have an increased risk of infections; risk factors include underlying disease, physical impairment and use of some disease-modifying treatments.

Objective: To quantify changes in population-level infection rates among pwMS and compare these to the general population and people with rheumatoid arthritis (pwRA), and identify patient characteristics predictive of infections after MS diagnosis.

Methods: We conducted a multi-database study using data on 23,226 people with MS diagnosis from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum and GOLD (January 2000-December 2020).

Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reaction-Related Parameters in Children, Youth, and Young Adults Prescribed Antipsychotic Drugs by General Practitioners.

The aim of the study was to assess monitoring of adverse drug reaction (ADR)-related parameters in children, youth, and young adults treated with second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) prescribed by general practitioners (GPs). This retrospective follow-up study included children, youth, and young adults aged 0 - 24 years, who had an initial prescription of an SGA recorded in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 2000 and 2017, and who were prescribed an SGA more than once for a duration of at least 6 months. It included an assessment of which ADR-related physical parameters (weight, height, body-mass index, waist circumference, pulse, blood pressure, and heart examination) and laboratory parameters (glucose, HbA1c, lipids, and prolactin) were monitored in children, youth, and young adults at least once every 6-month period, stratified by sex, age categories, and calendar years.

A systematic review of how missing data are handled and reported in multi-database pharmacoepidemiologic studies.

Purpose: Pharmacoepidemiologic multi-database studies (MDBS) provide opportunities to better evaluate the safety and effectiveness of medicines. However, the issue of missing data is often exacerbated in MDBS, potentially resulting in bias and precision loss. We sought to measure how missing data are being recorded and addressed in pharmacoepidemiologic MDBS.

Application of Healthcare 'Big Data' in CNS Drug Research: The Example of the Neurological and mental health Global Epidemiology Network (NeuroGEN).

Neurological and psychiatric (mental health) disorders have a large impact on health burden globally. Cognitive disorders (including dementia) and stroke are leading causes of disability. Mental health disorders, including depression, contribute up to one-third of total years lived with disability.

The association of diabetes mellitus and insulin treatment with expression of insulin-related proteins in breast tumors.

Background: The insulin receptor (INSR) and the insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) play important roles in the etiology of both diabetes mellitus and breast cancer. We aimed to evaluate the expression of hormone and insulin-related proteins within or related to the PI3K and MAPK pathway in breast tumors of women with or without diabetes mellitus, treated with or without insulin (analogues).

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumor tissue of 312 women with invasive breast cancer, with or without pre-existing diabetes mellitus, diagnosed in 2000-2010, who were randomly selected from a Danish breast cancer cohort.

Cancer risk among insulin users: comparing analogues with human insulin in the CARING five-country cohort study.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between use of certain insulins and risk for cancer, when addressing the limitations and biases involved in previous studies.

Methods: National Health Registries from Denmark (1996-2010), Finland (1996-2011), Norway (2005-2010) and Sweden (2007-2012) and the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink database (1987-2013) were used to conduct a cohort study on new insulin users (N = 327,112). By using a common data model and semi-aggregate approach, we pooled individual-level records from five cohorts and applied Poisson regression models.

Insulin glargine use and breast cancer risk: Associations with cumulative exposure.

Background: This study was aimed to assess the risk of breast cancer associated with exposure to insulin glargine in women with type 2 diabetes and evaluate whether the pattern of risk concurs with the hypothesized trend of an increase in risk with longer duration of use, taking into account previous cumulative exposure to other types of insulin.

Methods: We performed a restrospective cohort study (2002-2013) in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink among adult female patients with a first ever insulin prescription (n = 12 468). Time-dependent exposure measures were used to assess associations with duration of use of: (1) other insulin types before glargine was first prescribed (i.

Use of incretin agents and risk of pancreatic cancer: a population-based cohort study.

Aim: To investigate the association between the use of incretin agents and the risk of pancreatic cancer.

Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study, using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, 2007-2012, was conducted. Patients (n = 182 428) with at least one non-insulin antidiabetic drug (NIAD) prescription and aged ≥18 years during data collection, were matched one-to-one to control patients without diabetes.

Treatment with insulin (analogues) and breast cancer risk in diabetics; a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro, animal and human evidence.

Introduction: Several studies have suggested that anti-diabetic insulin analogue treatment might increase cancer risk. The aim of this study was to review the postulated association between insulin and insulin analogue treatment and breast cancer development, and plausible mechanisms.

Method: A systematic literature search was performed on breast cell-line, animal and human studies using the key words 'insulin analogue' and 'breast neoplasia' in MEDLINE at PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science databases.

Data management and data analysis techniques in pharmacoepidemiological studies using a pre-planned multi-database approach: a systematic literature review.

Purpose: To identify pharmacoepidemiological multi-database studies and to describe data management and data analysis techniques used for combining data.

Methods: Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Embase complemented by a manual literature search. We included pharmacoepidemiological multi-database studies published from 2007 onwards that combined data for a pre-planned common analysis or quantitative synthesis.

Risk of bladder cancer in patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the association between diabetes, and both urinary bladder cancer (UBC) risk and mortality.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) linked to the Office of National Statistics (ONS). Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, or using antidiabetic drugs (ADDs), were compared to matched non-diabetic controls.

The risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: associations with treatment stage and obesity.

Objective: To assess the risk of colorectal cancer associated with type 2 diabetes, as compared with a nondiabetic reference population, and to study additional associations between treatment stage and duration of obesity and colorectal cancer risk.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted an observational population-based cohort study within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1987-2012). All patients (≥18 years) with at least one prescription for an antidiabetic drug (n = 300,039) were matched (1:1) by birth year, sex, and practice to a comparison cohort without diabetes.

Ankylosing spondylitis and risk of ischaemic heart disease: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), including the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) compared with population controls.

Methods: All patients with newly diagnosed AS (n=3809) from the British Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1987-2012) were matched with up to seven persons without AS by year of birth, gender and practice (n=26 197). Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and HRs for development of IHD and AMI were calculated.

The epidemiology of extra-articular manifestations in ankylosing spondylitis: a population-based matched cohort study.

Objective: To assess the incidence and risks of common extra-articular manifestations (EAMs), that is, acute anterior uveitis (AAU), psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) compared with population-based controls.

Methods: All incident patients with AS (n=4101) from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1987-2012) were matched with up to seven control subjects without AS by year of birth, sex and practice (n=28,591). Incidence rates, cumulative incidence rates and adjusted (adj) HRs for the development of EAMs were calculated, with time-dependent adjustments for age, sex, comorbidity and medication use.

The risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with multiple sclerosis: the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Background: In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), disability and autoinflammatory processes may result in an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of VTE associated with MS.

Methods: We conducted an observational-cohort study within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1987-2009) linked to the National Registry of Hospitalizations (1997-2008). At the time of MS diagnosis, a comparison cohort (N = 33 370) without a recorded MS diagnosis during the study period was matched (6:1) to the MS cohort (n = 5566) by birth year, sex, and practice.

HIV infection and its association with an excess risk of clinical fractures: a nationwide case-control study.

Background: Different studies have reported an association between HIV infection, antiretroviral therapies, and impaired bone metabolism, but data on their impact on fracture risk are scarce. We studied the association between a clinical diagnosis of HIV infection and fracture risk.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study using data from the Danish National Health Service registries, including 124,655 fracture cases and 373,962 age- and gender-matched controls.

Use of metformin and survival of diabetic women with breast cancer.

Objective: This study was set out to determine whether metformin use influences survival in breast cancer patients treated with antidiabetic drugs as compared to non-users.

Research Design And Methods: We used data from the Danish national registries (1996-2008) to identify adult female patients diagnosed with breast cancer who were prescribed antidiabetic medication. We performed multivariate Coxproportional hazard regression to assess all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality risks associated with metformin exposure.

Use of thiazolidinediones and risk of bladder cancer: disease or drugs?

Background: Pioglitazone, a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been associated with bladder cancer in observational studies. Diabetes mellitus itself has also been linked with bladder cancer. The objective was to estimate the risk of bladder cancer for diabetic patients using thialozidinediones (TZDs) compared with patients in other treatment stages of the disease.

CARING (CAncer Risk and INsulin analoGues): the association of diabetes mellitus and cancer risk with focus on possible determinants - a systematic review and a meta-analysis.

Background: Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) may experience an increased risk of cancer; however, it is not certain whether this effect is due to diabetes per se.

Objective: To examine the association between DM and cancers by a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the PRISMA guidelines.

Data Sources: The systematic literature search includes Medline at PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, Bibliotek.

Use of insulin and insulin analogs and risk of cancer - systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: An association of insulin use and risk of cancer has been reported but evidence is conflicting and methodological issues have been identified.

Objective: To summarize results regarding insulin use and cancer risk by a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies examining risk of cancer associated with insulin use in patients with diabetes.

Data Sources: Systematic literature search in 5 databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library.

Use of biguanides and the risk of colorectal cancer: a register-based cohort study.

Observational studies have shown conflicting results on the potential protecting effect of biguanide use with the risk of colorectal neoplasms. In addition, the cellular mechanism can either support or oppose biguanides influence on colorectal carcinoma. Our objective was to evaluate the association between biguanide use and colorectal carcinoma.