Determination of the personal, indoor and outdoor exposure levels of inorganic gaseous pollutants in different microenvironments in an industrial city.

We measured SO2, NO2 and O3 concentrations during the summer and winter in Kocaeli, Turkey. The sampling was carried out indoors and outdoors at homes, schools and offices. Personal samplers were also used to determine personal exposures to these pollutants.

Familial moyamoya disease in two Turkish siblings with same polymorphism in RNF213 gene but different clinical features.

Background: Moyamoya disease is an uncommon, progressive, and occlusive cerebrovascular disorder, predominantly affecting the terminal segment of the internal carotid arteries and its main branches. This occlusion results at the formation of a compensatory collateral arterial network (moyamoya vessels) developing at the base of the brain. The c.

The Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Seizures, Cognitive Functions, and Other Neurological Disorders in Classical Phenotype of Glucose Transporter 1 Deficiency Syndrome.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize patients who were diagnosed with glucose transporter protein 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1D), and also to assess the efficacy of ketogenic diet (KD) therapy on seizure control, cognitive functions, and other neurological disorders.

Patients And Methods: We studied six unrelated patients with the classical phenotype of Glut1D, focusing on clinical and laboratory features, the KD therapy and outcome over the 25-month follow-up period.

Results: Five patients became seizure-free with the onset of ketosis, and anticonvulsants were discontinued.

Laparoscopic surgery in functional and nonfunctional adrenal tumors: A single-center experience.

Background: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is a safe and minimally invasive operation for benign adrenal tumours. The purpose of this study was a retrospective analysis of outcomes following laparoscopic lateral transabdominal adrenalectomy performed for benign adrenal tumours responsible for various endocrinological disorders and non-functioning tumours.

Methods: A total of 100 laparoscopic adrenalectomy were carried out between January 2007 and March 2013 via the lateral transabdominal approach.

Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx: A Case Report of a Rare Tumor.

Introduction. Primary hypopharynx involvement of small cell carcinoma is very rare and very few cases have been reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx in a male patient.

The Effect of Nasal Septal Deviation on Frontal and Maxillary Sinus Volumes and Development of Sinusitis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the possible role of nasal septal deviation on volume of maxillary and frontal sinuses. Between February 2011 and October 2013, paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) findings of 732 patients (410 males, 322 females) who were admitted to Ear Nose and Throat Department of Kayseri Research and Training Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. By excluding the other coexistent sinonasal pathologies, 83 consecutive patients with nasal septal deviations were included in the study.

A Rare Tumor of the Retropharyngeal Area: Solitary Fibrous Tumor.

We describe a case of retropharyngeal solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) in a 46-year-old female patient. Total removal of the tumor without any complications was performed by transoral surgery. Intraoral resection of retropharyngeal SFT can be preoperatively performed by meticulous assessment of the extent and vasculature of the tumor with radiological guidance.

Comparison of the myotoxic effects of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine: an electron microscopic study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the myotoxic effects of bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine which were applied intramuscularly to rat skeletal muscle. Forty Wistar-Albino rats were divided into four groups. In the study, .

Brain diffusion tensor imaging in children with tuberous sclerosis.

Purpose: To evaluate diffusion characteristics of tubers and white matter lesions in children with tuberous sclerosis (TS) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Materials And Methods: Eighteen children (11 male, 7 female; mean age 9.3years, age range 1-16years) with a definite diagnosis of TS were recruited in this study.

Comparison of interscalene brachial plexus block and intra-articular local anesthetic administration on postoperative pain management in arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Background And Objectives: In this study, the aim was to compare postoperative analgesia effects of the administration of ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block and intra-articular bupivacaine carried out with bupivacaine.

Methods: In the first group of patients 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine and ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block (ISPB) were applied, while 20 mL 0.

Cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in Behcet's disease.

Objective: To investigate vestibular evoked myogenic potentials combined with audiologic status in Behcet's disease (BD) and to compare the results with normal healthy subjects.

Methods: Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) test, ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) test, Dix-Hallpike test, conventional pure tone audiometry (cPTA) and high frequency audiometry (HFA), and 226 and 1000Hz tympanometry were performed to each subject of the study. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement was also performed to evaluate the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with BD.

[Comparison of interscalene brachial plexus block and intra-articular local anesthetic administration on postoperative pain management in arthroscopic shoulder surgery].

Background And Objectives: In this study, the aim was to compare postoperative analgesia effects of the administration of ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block and intra-articular bupivacaine carried out with bupivacaine.

Methods: In the first group of patients 20mL 0.25% bupivacaine and ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block (ISPB) were applied, while 20mL 0.

Investigation of West Nile virus among healthy blood donors in the western part of Turkey.

Background/aim: THE West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus causing different forms of infection among humans, varying from asymptomatic illness to fetal central nervous system infection. Turkeylies within an endemic region for WNV. Transfusion of infected blood products is another well-documented major route of transmission.

The success of surgery in the first 24 hours in patients with esophageal perforation.

Objective: Esophageal perforation (EP) is a critical and potentially life-threatening condition with considerable rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite many advances in thoracic surgery, the management of patients with EP is still controversial.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 34 patients treated for EP, 62% male, mean age 53.

Neural Network Based Response Prediction of rTMS in Major Depressive Disorder Using QEEG Cordance.

Objective: The combination of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-pharmacological form of therapy for treating major depressive disorder (MDD), and electroencephalogram (EEG) is a valuable tool for investigating the functional connectivity in the brain. This study aims to explore whether pre-treating frontal quantitative EEG (QEEG) cordance is associated with response to rTMS treatment among MDD patients by using an artificial intelligence approach, artificial neural network (ANN).

Methods: The artificial neural network using pre-treatment cordance of frontal QEEG classification was carried out to identify responder or non-responder to rTMS treatment among 55 MDD subjects.

Impedance-controlled radiofrequency vs. cold dissection tonsillectomy.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency (RF) and cold dissection (CD) tonsillectomy.

Study Design: Prospective, double-blind, controlled clinical study.

Patients And Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients underwent tonsillectomy.

Biomonitoring the spatial and historical variations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in an industrial region.

Several persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in needle, branch, bark, and tree ring samples in pine samples collected at 27 sites (21 industrial, 6 background) in Aliaga industrial region in Turkey. Soil, litter, and air samples were also collected to investigate the relationships between the air and soil, litter, and tree components. Concentrations decreased with distance from the sources and the lowest ones were measured at background sites.

Prenatal Diagnosis and Postnatal Outcome of Schizencephaly.

The aim of this study was to present our experience with 5 cases of fetal schizencephaly in terms of prenatal diagnostic features, and postnatal outcome. The database of prenatal diagnosis unit was searched for antenatally diagnosed cases with schizencephaly. Maternal characteristics, ultrasonography, prenatal-postnatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and postnatal outcome were noted.

[Comparison between magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine in controlled hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery].

Background And Objectives: It is crucial to decrease bleeding during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Our primary goal was to investigate the effects of magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine used for controlled hypotension on the visibility of the surgical site.

Methods: 60 patients aged between 18 and 65 years were enrolled.

Morphokinetic analysis of cleavage stage embryos and its relationship to aneuploidy in a retrospective time-lapse imaging study.

Purpose: To analyze differences in morphokinetic parameters of chromosomally normal and aneuploid embryos utilizing time-lapse imaging and CGH microarray analysis.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients undergoing IVF treatment and preimplantation genetic diagnosis for sex selection. A total of 460 embryos cultured in incubators with time-lapse imaging system (EmbryoScope) were selected for biopsy on day 3 of development.

New modified balloon-assisted technique to provide appropriate deployment in the closure of large secundum atrial septal defect using amplatzer septal occluder in children.

Background: Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is accepted as a safe alternative method to surgery. However, the deployment of the device across the septum using the conventional method presents difficulties in large ASDs.

Methods: In the modified balloon-assisted technique (modified BAT), a Tyshak balloon (Numed, Inc) is placed in one of the left pulmonary veins and a long sheath is placed in the right upper pulmonary vein.

Idiopathic brain herniation. A report of two paediatric cases.

SUMMARY - 'Idiopathic' herniation of the brain is a rare entity previously reported in 13 cases. It may be incidentally encountered in neuroimaging studies acquired for various clinical indications. We herein describe two cases of idiopathic brain herniation that were incidentally diagnosed.

Comparison of Effects of Different Dexmedetomidine and Chloral Hydrate Doses Used in Sedation on Electroencephalography in Pediatric Patients.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of different oral chloral hydrate and dexmedetomidine doses used for sedation during electroencephalography (EEG) in children. One hundred sixty children aged 1 to 9 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II who were uncooperative during EEG recording or who were referred to our electrodiagnostic unit for sleep EEG were included to the study. The patients were randomly assigned into 4 groups.

Can Thoracic Sympathetic Nerve Damage Be Reversed?

Background: Function of the thoracic sympathetic chain (TSC) reportedly recovers after surgical clips are removed. Hence, this study was designed to study nerve regeneration after unclipping the TSC.

Methods: The bilateral TSCs of six goats were studied; the goats were separated into three groups (groups I, II, and III) during excision, clipping, and unclipping.

Prognostic factors in type I tympanoplasty.

Objective: To identify the preoperative factors that influence the success rate of type I tympanoplasty.

Methods: A total of 247 type I tympanoplasty procedures were included in the present study. We determined the effects of the following preoperative variables on the anatomical and functional outcomes of type I tympanoplasty in order to identify prognostic preoperative factors: age (<16 years vs.