What factors are associated with informal carers' psychological morbidity during end-of-life home care? A systematic review and thematic synthesis of observational quantitative studies.

Background: Family carers are central in supporting patients nearing end of life. As a consequence, they often suffer detrimental impacts on their own mental health. Understanding what factors may affect carers' mental health is important in developing strategies to maintain their psychological well-being during caregiving.

Enzymatic browning: The role of substrates in polyphenol oxidase mediated browning.

Enzymatic browning is a biological process that can have significant consequences for fresh produce, such as quality reduction in fruit and vegetables. It is primarily initiated by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (EC 1.14.

Understanding what affects psychological morbidity in informal carers when providing care at home for patients at the end of life: a systematic qualitative evidence synthesis.

Background: Informal carers are central in supporting patients at the end of life, but this has substantial negative impacts on carers' own mental health. When carers are unable to cope, this may affect their ability to support the patient and increase the likelihood of patient hospital admissions. Further, demographic changes mean demands for care at and before end of life are increasing and existing services will struggle to meet these demands.

Can ENGLAND'S National Health System Reforms Overcome the Neoliberal Legacy?

England's National Health Service (NHS) is in the process of major reform as old institutional structures based around an internal "market" are being replaced with integrated care systems. The changes represent a significant shift in ethos away from commercialisation to collaboration between health providers. But the way that these policies unfold will depend on the context within which they are implemented, and three decades of neoliberal reforms have left their mark on the structure of the health system.

A multistakeholder development process to prioritize and translate COVID-19 health recommendations for patients, caregivers and the public. A case study of the COVID-19 recommendation map.

Background And Objectives: To develop a digital communication tool to improve the implementation of up-to-date COVID-19 recommendations. Specifically, to improve patient, caregiver and public understanding of healthcare recommendations on prevention, diagnoses and treatment.

Methods: Multi-stakeholder engagement design.

Development and formative evaluation of patient research partner involvement in a multi-disciplinary European translational research project.

Plain English Summary: Patient and public involvement (PPI) improves the quality of health research and ensures that research is relevant to patients' needs. Though PPI is increasingly evident in clinical and health services research, there are few examples in the research literature of effective PPI in translational and laboratory-based research. In this paper, we describe the development and evaluation of PPI in a multi-centre European project (EuroTEAM - owards arly biomarkers in rthritis anagement) that included both translational and laboratory-based and psychosocial research.

Reversible temperature-controlled gelation in mixtures of pNIPAM microgels and non-ionic polymer surfactant.

We investigate the reversible gelation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) microgels in the presence of triblock-copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO type) surfactant. We demonstrate that the association of these polymers with the microgel particles at elevated temperature is responsible for the gelation, due to the temperature responsive nature of the components. This is highlighted by an increase in the apparent hydrodynamic diameter of the particles in dynamic light scattering experiments, which only occurs above the volume phase transition temperature of pNIPAM.

Inert Materials as Long-Term Carriers and Disseminators of Viable Leptosphaeria maculans Ascospores and Wider Implications for Ascomycete Pathogens.

The viability of ascospores of the Phoma stem canker (blackleg) pathogen, Leptosphaeria maculans, was tested on a range of carrier materials, including metals, fabrics, woods, and plastics, and under different temperature conditions of 23 and 4, 36 and 14, and 45 and 15°C day and night, respectively. At 23 and 4°C (day and night, respectively), ascospores remained viable for up to 240 days on Tasmanian oak (Eucalyptus regnans) and pine wood (Pinus radiata). At 36 and 14°C (day and night, respectively), ascospores remained viable on pine wood for up to 180 days.

Working with public contributors to improve the patient experience at the Manchester Clinical Research Facility: an evaluation of the Experience Based Design approach.

Plain English Summary: The Experience Based Design (EBD) approach involves patients, staff and members of the public working together to improve a service. This paper evaluates the methods that are used to involve patients and members of the public in a project that aimed to improve the patient experience at Manchester Clinical Research Facility (MCRF). The aim was to explore what helps staff and members of the public to work well together.

Implementing resources to support the diagnosis and management of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) in primary care: A qualitative study.

Background: Previous research has highlighted that many GPs lack the confidence and knowledge to diagnose and manage people with CFS/ME. Following the development of an online training module for GPs, and an information pack and DVD for patients, this study explored the extent to which these resources can be implemented in routine primary care.

Methods: Semi structured qualitative interviews were completed with patients and GPs across North West England.

Patient involvement in a qualitative meta-synthesis: lessons learnt.

Plain English Summary: Patients and researchers must work together to improve the relevance and quality of research. Qualitative systematic reviews synthesise findings from a range of published qualitative studies to identify common themes, and can make recommendations for practice or future research. The process of conducting a systemic review offers multiple opportunities for patient involvement.

The role of global trade and transport network topology in the human-mediated dispersal of alien species.

More people and goods are moving further and more frequently via many different trade and transport networks under current trends of globalisation. These networks can play a major role in the unintended introduction of exotic species to new locations. With the continuing rise in global trade, more research attention is being focused on the role of networks in the spread of invasive species.

Overcoming the barriers to the diagnosis and management of chronic fatigue syndrome/ME in primary care: a meta synthesis of qualitative studies.

Background: The NICE guideline for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) emphasises the need for an early diagnosis in primary care with management tailored to patient needs. However, GPs can be reluctant to make a diagnosis and are unsure how to manage people with the condition.

Methods: A meta synthesis of published qualitative studies was conducted, producing a multi-perspective description of barriers to the diagnosis and management of CFS/ME, and the ways that some health professionals have been able to overcome them.

Diagnosing Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in South Asians: Lessons from a Secondary Analysis of a UK Qualitative Study.

Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalitis (CFS/ME) is rarely diagnosed in South Asia (SA), although the symptoms of this condition are seen in the population. Lessons from UK based South Asian, Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities may be of value in identifying barriers to diagnosis of CFS/ME in SA.

Objectives: To explore why CFS/ME may not be commonly diagnosed in SA.

Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether steroids reduce the incidence and severity of nephropathy in Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP).

Background: The long-term prognosis of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is predominantly determined by the extent of renal involvement. There is no consensus as to whether treatment with prednisolone at presentation can prevent or ameliorate the progression of nephropathy in HSP.

Methods: Children under 18 years of age with new-onset HSP were randomly assigned to receive prednisolone or placebo for 14 days.

Diagnosis and management of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalitis in black and minority ethnic people: a qualitative study.

Aim: This study aims to explore the possible reasons for the lower levels of diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalitis (CFS/ME) in the black and minority ethnic (BME) population, and the implications for management.

Background: Population studies suggest CFS/ME is more common in people from BME communities compared with the White British population. However, the diagnosis is made less frequently in BME groups.

Auditory function in children with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

The peripheral manifestations of the inherited neuropathies are increasingly well characterized, but their effects upon cranial nerve function are not well understood. Hearing loss is recognized in a minority of children with this condition, but has not previously been systemically studied. A clear understanding of the prevalence and degree of auditory difficulties in this population is important as hearing impairment can impact upon speech/language development, social interaction ability and educational progress.

On-pump coronary surgery with and without cardioplegic arrest: comparison of inflammation, myocardial, cerebral and renal injury and early and late health outcome in a single-centre randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of on-pump beating heart coronary surgery on organ function, and early and late health outcome as compared with conventional technique.

Methods: A total of 81 patients were randomised to (1) coronary surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest (CA) (on-pump with CA, n=41) or to (2) CPB without CA (on-pump without CA, n=40). Primary outcomes included serial measurement of interleukins (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) for inflammation, troponin I for myocardial injury, protein S100 for cerebral injury and creatinine clearance (CrCl) and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) for renal injury.

Prospective randomized comparison of CarboMedics and St. Jude Medical bileaflet mechanical heart valve prostheses: ten-year follow-up.

Objective: This is the final report of a randomized controlled trial comparing the performance of CarboMedics (CarboMedics Inc., Austin, Tex) and St. Jude Medical (St.

Detecting fetomaternal hemorrhage: a comparison of five methods.

Appropriate postpartum administration of Rh immune globulin relies on sensitive detection and accurate quantitation of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). Recently, the microscopic Du test (micro Du) enhanced with polyethylene glycol (PEG Du) and flow cytometry (FC) have been advocated for this purpose. Three qualitative methods (micro Du, rosette test, and PEG Du) and two quantitative methods (acid elution and FC) for assessing FMH were evaluated with particular attention given to PEG Du and FC.

Richter's syndrome presenting as primary central nervous system lymphoma. Transformation of an identical clone.

The development of a central nervous system (CNS) large cell lymphoma in a patient simultaneously diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is reported. Although differences in phenotypic expression were demonstrated in study of the peripheral blood and CNS disease, identical immunoglobulin gene rearrangements were identified, providing evidence for evolution of two morphologically distinct neoplasms from the same clone. Beyond histologic transformation, acquisition of an aneuploid cell population in the CNS tumor was demonstrated by analysis of DNA content.