Changes in interpersonal distance modulate social attention engagement: Evidence from EEG alpha band suppression.

Interpersonal space is regulated carefully and updated dynamically during social interactions to maintain comfort. We investigated the naturalistic processing of interpersonal distance in real time and space using a powerful implicit neurophysiological measure of attentional engagement. In a sample of 37 young adults recruited at a UK university, we found greater EEG alpha band suppression when a person occupies or moves into near personal space than for a person occupying or moving into public space.

Tracing ancient solar cycles with tree rings and radiocarbon in the first millennium BCE.

The Sun drives Earth's energy systems, influencing weather, ocean currents, and agricultural productivity. Understanding solar variability is critical, but direct observations are limited to 400 years of sunspot records. To extend this timeline, cosmic ray-produced radionuclides like C in tree-rings provide invaluable insights.

Factors Associated With Early Computed Tomography Imaging in Children Hospitalized With Severe Orbital Infections.

Objective: We identified factors associated with computed tomographic (CT) imaging within 24 hours of emergency department (ED) presentation in hospitalized children with severe orbital infections.

Patients And Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted that included children aged 2 months to 18 years between 2009 and 2018 who were admitted to the hospital with severe orbital infections, including periorbital and orbital cellulitis. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to identify possible factors associated with receiving a CT scan within 24 hours of ED presentation.

Extreme solar storms and the quest for exact dating with radiocarbon.

Radiocarbon (C) is essential for creating chronologies to study the timings and drivers of pivotal events in human history and the Earth system over the past 55,000 years. It is also a fundamental proxy for investigating solar processes, including the potential of the Sun for extreme activity. Until now, fluctuations in past atmospheric C levels have limited the dating precision possible using radiocarbon.

Parenteral versus enteral fluids for infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis: The PREFER shared decision-making prospective observational study protocol.

Introduction: Incorporating shared decision-making (SDM) with children and families in hospitals was a top priority identified by patients, caregivers, and clinicians. Bronchiolitis, a common and costly reason for hospitalization in children, is an exemplar condition to study SDM in hospitals. Internationally, clinical practice guidelines differ when recommending intravenous (IV or parenteral) or nasogastric (NG or enteral) fluids for hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis who are unsafe to be fed orally.

Pulsed reduced-dose rate re-irradiation for patients with recurrent grade 2 gliomas.

Background: Patients with grade 2 glioma exhibit highly variable survival. Re-irradiation for recurrent disease has limited mature clinical data. We report treatment results of pulsed reduced-dose rate (PRDR) radiation for patients with recurrent grade 2 glioma.

Oxygen Saturation Targets in Infants Hospitalized With Bronchiolitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objectives: To examine 2 hospital oxygen saturation target policies and clinical outcomes in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis.

Methods: This multicenter cohort study used data collected from a randomized clinical trial of infants aged 4 weeks to 24 months, hospitalized with bronchiolitis at children's and community hospitals from 2016 to 2019. We modeled the association between hospital oxygen saturation target policy, either 90% while awake and 88% while asleep (90%/88%) or 90% while awake and asleep (90%/90%), and clinical outcomes.

Dose-rate dependence and IMRT QA suitability of EBT3 radiochromic films for pulse reduced dose-rate radiotherapy (PRDR) dosimetry.

Background: Pulsed reduced dose rate (PRDR) is an emerging radiotherapy technique for recurrent diseases. It is pertinent that the linac beam characteristics are evaluated for PRDR dose rates and a suitable dosimeter is employed for IMRT QA.

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the pulse characteristics of a 6 MV photon beam during PRDR irradiations on a commercial linac.

De-implementing low-value continuous pulse oximetry practice in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis: A multicentre qualitative study.

Background: Clinical trial evidence supports the routine use of intermittent pulse oximetry in stabilized infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis. However, continuous pulse oximetry use is common.

Objective: This study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to de-implement continuous pulse oximetry and implement intermittent pulse oximetry in infants hospitalized with stabilized bronchiolitis.

A Feeding Adequacy Scale for Children With Bronchiolitis: Prospective Multicenter Study.

Objectives: To determine the measurement properties of the Feeding Adequacy Scale (FAS) in young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis.

Methods: Multicenter cohort study of infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis at children's and community hospitals in Ontario, Canada. Caregivers and nurses completed the FAS, a 10-cm visual analog scale anchored by "not feeding at all" (score 0) and "feeding as when healthy" (score 10).

Abscess volume as a predictor of surgical intervention in children hospitalized with orbital cellulitis: A multicentre cohort study.

Importance: Orbital cellulitis with subperiosteal or orbital abscess can result in serious morbidity and mortality in children. Objective volume criterion measurement on cross-sectional imaging is a useful clinical tool to identify patients with abscess who may require surgical drainage.

Objective: To determine the predictive value of abscess volume and the optimal volume cut-point for surgical intervention.

Variation in the Management of Hospitalized Children With Orbital Cellulitis Over 10 Years.

Objectives: No previous study has examined the management of hospitalized children with orbital cellulitis at both children's and community hospitals across multiple sites in Canada. We describe variation and trends over time in diagnostic testing and imaging, adjunctive agents, empiric antibiotics, and surgical intervention in children hospitalized with orbital cellulitis.

Patients And Methods: Multicenter cohort study of 1579 children aged 2 months to 18 years with orbital cellulitis infections admitted to 10 hospitals from 2009 to 2018.

Cost-effectiveness of Intermittent vs Continuous Pulse Oximetry Monitoring in Infants Hospitalized With Stabilized Bronchiolitis.

Importance: Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive technology that is integral to the supportive care of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis. A multicenter, randomized trial comparing the effectiveness of intermittent vs continuous pulse oximetry found similar length of hospital stay and safety outcomes, and greater nursing satisfaction, with intermittent monitoring.

Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of intermittent vs continuous pulse oximetry in hospitalized infants with stabilized bronchiolitis.

Dating the emergence of dairying by the first farmers of Central Europe using C analysis of fatty acids preserved in pottery vessels.

Direct, accurate, and precise dating of archaeological pottery vessels is now achievable using a recently developed approach based on the radiocarbon dating of purified molecular components of food residues preserved in the walls of pottery vessels. The method targets fatty acids from animal fat residues, making it uniquely suited for directly dating the inception of new food commodities in prehistoric populations. Here, we report a large-scale application of the method by directly dating the introduction of dairying into Central Europe by the (LBK) cultural group based on dairy fat residues.

Risk factors for severe PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children.

Objective: To identify risk factors for severe disease in children hospitalised for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Design: Multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Setting: 18 hospitals in Canada, Iran and Costa Rica from 1 February 2020 to 31 May 2021.

Thrombosis and hemorrhage experienced by hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2 infection or MIS-C: Results of the PICNIC registry.

Introduction: Coagulopathy and thrombosis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are well defined in hospitalized adults and leads to adverse outcomes. Pediatric studies are limited.

Methods: An international multicentered (n = 15) retrospective registry collected information on the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in hospitalized children from February 1, 2020 through May 31, 2021.

Factors Associated with Surgery and Imaging Characteristics in Severe Orbital Infections.

Objectives: To evaluate risk factors associated with surgical intervention and subperiosteal/orbital abscess in hospitalized children with severe orbital infections.

Study Design: We conducted a multicenter cohort study of children 2 months to 18 years hospitalized with periorbital or orbital cellulitis from 2009 to 2018 at 10 hospitals in Canada. Clinical details were extracted, and patients were categorized as undergoing surgical or medical-only management.

Patient, Caregiver, and Clinician Participation in Prioritization of Research Questions in Pediatric Hospital Medicine.

Importance: The research agenda in pediatric hospital medicine has seldom considered the perspectives of young people, parents and caregivers, and health care professionals. Their perspectives may be useful in identifying questions on topics for research.

Objective: To prioritize unanswered research questions in pediatric hospital medicine from the perspectives of young people, parents/caregivers, and health care professionals.

Predictors of severe illness in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicentre cohort study.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We sought to investigate risk factors for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and explored changes in disease severity over time.

Methods: We obtained data from chart reviews of children younger than 18 years with confirmed or probable MIS-C who were admitted to 15 hospitals in Canada, Iran and Costa Rica between Mar.

Tree-rings reveal two strong solar proton events in 7176 and 5259 BCE.

The Sun sporadically produces eruptive events leading to intense fluxes of solar energetic particles (SEPs) that dramatically disrupt the near-Earth radiation environment. Such events have been directly studied for the last decades but little is known about the occurrence and magnitude of rare, extreme SEP events. Presently, a few events that produced measurable signals in cosmogenic radionuclides such as C, Be and Cl have been found.