Associations Between TCF7L2, PPARγ, and KCNJ11 Genotypes and Insulin Response to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: A Systematic Review.

Scope: Insulin responses to standardized meals differ between individuals. This variability may in part be explained by genotype. This systematic review evaluates associations between genotype and insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in terms of insulin area under the curve (AUC).

Attention-guided erasing for enhanced transfer learning in breast abnormality classification.

Purpose: Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers globally, necessitating effective early screening and diagnosis. This study investigates the effectiveness and generalizability of our recently proposed data augmentation technique, attention-guided erasing (AGE), across various transfer learning classification tasks for breast abnormality classification in mammography.

Methods: AGE utilizes attention head visualizations from DINO self-supervised pretraining to weakly localize regions of interest (ROI) in images.

Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of the Daily Consumption of Ruminant Milk on Digestive Comfort and Nutrition in Older Women: The YUMMI Study.

Background: Age-related changes can lead to dietary insufficiency in older adults. The inclusion of high-quality, nutrient-dense foods such as ruminant milks can significantly improve health outcomes. However, many older adults worldwide do not meet daily milk intake recommendations because of digestive discomfort and health concerns.

The potato sugar transporter SWEET1g affects apoplasmic sugar ratio and phloem-mobile tuber- and flower-inducing signals.

The main phloem loader in potato, sucrose transporter StSUT1, is coexpressed with 2 members of the SWEET gene family: StSWEET11b, a clade III member of SWEET carriers assumed to be involved in sucrose efflux, and StSWEET1g, a clade I member involved in glucose efflux into the apoplast, that physically interacts with StSUT1. We investigated the functionality of SWEET carriers via uptake experiments with fluorescent glucose or sucrose analogs. Inhibition or overexpression of StSWEET1g/SlSWEET1e affected tuberization and flowering in transgenic potato plants.

Advancing microbiome research in Māori populations: insights from recent literature exploring the gut microbiomes of underrepresented and Indigenous peoples.

The gut microbiome plays vital roles in human health, including mediating metabolism, immunity, and the gut-brain axis. Many ethnicities remain underrepresented in gut microbiome research, with significant variation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples due to dietary, socioeconomic, health, and urbanization differences. Although research regarding the microbiomes of Indigenous peoples is increasing, Māori microbiome literature is lacking despite widespread inequities that Māori populations face.

Effects of Defatted Rice Bran-Fortified Bread on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Healthy Adults With Low Dietary Fiber Intake: Protocol for a Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Inadequate dietary fiber (DF) intake is associated with several human diseases. Bread is commonly consumed, and its DF content can be increased by incorporating defatted rice bran (DRB).

Objective: This first human study on DRB-fortified bread primarily aims to assess the effect of DRB-fortified bread on the relative abundance of a composite of key microbial genera and species in fecal samples.

Unsupervised machine learning highlights the challenges of subtyping disorders of gut-brain interaction.

Background: Unsupervised machine learning describes a collection of powerful techniques that seek to identify hidden patterns in unlabeled data. These techniques can be broadly categorized into dimension reduction, which transforms and combines the original set of measurements to simplify data, and cluster analysis, which seeks to group subjects based on some measure of similarity. Unsupervised machine learning can be used to explore alternative subtyping of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) compared to the existing gastrointestinal symptom-based definitions of Rome IV.

Room temperature synthesis of nanocomposite thin films with embedded CsAgInBiCl lead-free double perovskite nanocrystals with long-term water stability, wide range pH tolerance, and high quantum yield.

The synthesis of CsAgInBiCl nanocrystals was achieved at room temperature under ambient conditions using the ligand-assisted reprecipitation (LARP) method. The synthesized NCs exhibit bright orange emission when excited at 375 nm and have broad photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra with a maximum of 630 nm. A photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 36% was observed in these NCs without any polymer coatings.

Level of structural integration in people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders - applicability and associations with clinical parameters.

Introduction: The psychic structure of people with psychosis has been the subject of theoretical and qualitative considerations. However, it has not been sufficiently studied quantitatively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the structural abilities of people diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis using the Levels of Structural Integration Axis of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis System (OPD-2-LSIA).

Client's understanding of instructions for small animals in a veterinary neurological referral center.

Background: It is not known how much information clients retrieve from discharge instructions.

Objective: To investigate client's understanding of discharge instructions and influencing factors.

Animals: Dogs and cats being hospitalized for neurological diseases.

Changes to insulin sensitivity in glucose clearance systems and redox following dietary supplementation with a novel cysteine-rich protein: A pilot randomized controlled trial in humans with type-2 diabetes.

We recently developed a novel keratin-derived protein (KDP) rich in cysteine, glycine, and arginine, with the potential to alter tissue redox status and insulin sensitivity. The KDP was tested in 35 human adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a 14-wk randomised controlled pilot trial comprising three 2×20 g supplemental protein/day arms: KDP-whey (KDPWHE), whey (WHEY), non-protein isocaloric control (CON), with standardised exercise. Outcomes were measured morning fasted and following insulin-stimulation (80 mU/m/min hyperinsulinaemic-isoglycaemic clamp).

Microscopic Analysis of the Water/Glycerol/EO30PS System in Bulk and on a Solid Substrate.

Surfactant systems are often employed in cosmetic formulations where they dry on skin as a surface, thereby becoming increasingly concentrated systems. To better understand this drying process, we focused on the difference of self-assembled structures of the water/glycerol/polyoxyethylene (30) phytosteryl ether (EO30PS) system in bulk and on a solid substrate because the interaction between the substrate and the surfactant may have a substantial effect on the self-assembly, which may be related to the bulk structure but in detail may also differ strongly from the bulk situation. In bulk, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments showed that with increasing loss of water, the degree of ordering increases but changes of the aggregate structure are rather small.

Rapid microfluidics prototyping through variotherm desktop injection molding for multiplex diagnostics.

In this work, we demonstrate an inexpensive method of prototyping microfluidics using a desktop injection molding machine. A centrifugal microfluidic device with a novel central filling mechanism was developed to demonstrate the technique. We overcame the limitations of desktop machines in replicating microfluidic features by variotherm heating and cooling the mold between 50 °C and 110 °C within two minutes.

Optical pH Monitoring in Microdroplet Platforms for Live Cell Experiments Using Colloidal Surfactants.

Droplet microfluidic technology facilitates the development of high-throughput screening applications in nanoliter volumes. Surfactants provide stability for emulsified monodisperse droplets to carry out compartmentalization. Fluorinated silica-based nanoparticles are used; they can minimize crosstalk in microdroplets and provide further functionalities by surface labeling.

Electroacupuncture for Pain Outcomes in a Trauma Center's Acute Pain Service: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: Evidence for acupuncture to treat pain is growing. Electrostimulation of acupuncture needles (electroacupuncture) is common for pain and is thought to augment the therapeutic effect.

Objectives: To examine the association of pain outcomes after a single acupuncture session with electrostimulation included (EA) compared with no electrostimulation included (NEA).

Association between Genotype and the Glycemic Response to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: A Systematic Review.

The inter-individual variability of metabolic response to foods may be partly due to genetic variation. This systematic review aims to assess the associations between genetic variants and glucose response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) were searched for keywords in the field of genetics, OGTT, and metabolic response (PROSPERO: CRD42021231203).

Comparative Study of Hypo-Fractionated Radiotherapy Versus Conventional Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer causing death among females worldwide. Radiotherapy after lumpectomy/mastectomy in breast cancer cases is a successful treatment modality taking five weeks to complete. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of hypo-fractionated radiotherapy in breast cancer patients with conventional radiotherapy with respect to outcome and toxicity.

Two Gold Kiwifruit Daily for Effective Treatment of Constipation in Adults-A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Chronic constipation is highly prevalent worldwide and may be managed with two green or three gold kiwifruit daily. It is unknown whether a smaller standard serve of gold kiwifruit (two daily) is as effective in constipation management. The study aimed to improve chronic constipation with two gold kiwifruit and psyllium in lieu of a placebo daily over four weeks.

Economic living standard and abdominal pain mediate the association between functional gastrointestinal disorders and depression or anxiety.

Background: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common and cause significant morbidity. Psychiatric comorbidities associated with FGIDs include anxiety and depression. However, little is understood about the factors that modulate this association.

Infant Mortality in a Brazilian Municipality with a High Human Development Index.

Objective: The aims were to study the time course and underlying causes of deaths in children under 1 year of age in a high Human Development Index municipality. We also sought to define the relationship between the timing of death and the neonatal age range and observed the extent to which deaths were avoidable.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of women living in the city of Niterói, Brazil, between 2012 and 2018.

Paediatric ankle cartilage lesions: Proceedings of the International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle.

Background: The evidence supporting best practice guidelines in the field of cartilage repair of the ankle are based on both low quality and low levels of evidence. Therefore, an international consensus group of experts was convened to collaboratively advance toward consensus opinions based on the best available evidence on key topics within cartilage repair of the ankle. The purpose of this article is to report the consensus statements on "Pediatric Ankle Cartilage Lesions" developed at the 2019 International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle.

Carbohydrate intake - current knowledge on weight management.

Purpose Of Review: Carbohydrates are the main contributor to daily energy intake and, thus, might play an essential role in the development and treatment of obesity. This nonsystematic literature overview summarized current knowledge about the association between carbohydrate intake (quantity and quality) and weight management.

Recent Findings: There is scientific evidence for the association between the quality of carbohydrates and body weight or metabolic parameters (e.

Improving intervention design to promote cervical cancer screening among hard-to-reach women: assessing beliefs and predicting individual attendance probabilities in Bogotá, Colombia.

Background: Despite being a preventable disease, cervical cancer continues to be a public health concern, affecting mainly lower and middle-income countries. Therefore, in Bogotá a home-visit based program was instituted to increase screening uptake. However, around 40% of the visited women fail to attend their Pap smear test appointments.