Genome sequence of CCS1 assembled from an ammonia-oxidizing enrichment culture.

We report the metagenome-assembled genome of an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon that is closely related to NF5 but shows distinct genomic features compared to strain NF5.

Activating the NFE2L1-ubiquitin-proteasome system by DDI2 protects from ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form of cell death initiated by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Recent evidence has linked ferroptosis to the action of the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid-2 derived,-like-1 (NFE2L1). NFE2L1 regulates proteasome abundance in an adaptive fashion, maintaining protein quality control to secure cellular homeostasis, but the regulation of NFE2L1 during ferroptosis and the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) herein are still unclear.

Kaspar Hauser's alleged noble origin - New molecular genetic analyses resolve the controversy.

Kaspar Hauser's parentage has been the subject of research and debate for nearly 200 years. As for his possible aristocratic descent through the House of Baden, there is suspicion that he was swapped as a baby, kidnapped, and kept in isolation to bring a collateral lineage to the throne. In the last 28 years, various genetic analyses have been carried out to investigate this possible aristocratic origin.

Metabolite release by nitrifiers facilitates metabolic interactions in the ocean.

Microbial chemoautotroph-heterotroph interactions may play a pivotal role in the cycling of carbon in the deep ocean, reminiscent of phytoplankton-heterotroph associations in surface waters. Nitrifiers are the most abundant chemoautotrophs in the global ocean, yet very little is known about nitrifier metabolite production, release, and transfer to heterotrophic microbial communities. To elucidate which organic compounds are released by nitrifiers and potentially available to heterotrophs, we characterized the exo- and endometabolomes of the ammonia-oxidizing archaeon Nitrosopumilus adriaticus CCS1 and the nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrospina gracilis Nb-211.

Transfluthrin diffusers do not protect two-person US military tents from mosquitoes in open field and canopy warm-temperate habitats.

Spatial repellents are volatile or volatilized chemicals that may repel arthropod vectors in free space, preventing bites and reducing the potential for pathogen transmission. In a 21-week field study, we investigated the efficacy of passive transfluthrin-impregnated diffusers placed in two-person United States (US) military tents located in canopy and open field habitats in north Florida to prevent mosquitoes from entering. Mosquito collections with US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traps baited with light and carbon dioxide were conducted weekly for weeks 0-4, every two weeks for weeks 5-10, and monthly for weeks 11-21.

Phenotype predictions of two-person mixture using single cell analysis.

Over a decade after the publication of the first forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP) studies, DNA-based appearance predictions are now becoming a reality in routine crime scene investigations. The significant number of publications dedicated to the subject of FDP clearly demonstrates a sustained interest and a strong need for further method development. However, the implementation of FDP in routine work still encounters obstacles, and one of these challenges is making phenotype predictions from DNA mixtures.

Seasonal patterns in microbial carbon and iron transporter expression in the Southern Ocean.

Background: Heterotrophic microbes in the Southern Ocean are challenged by the double constraint of low concentrations of organic carbon (C) and iron (Fe). These essential elements are tightly coupled in cellular processes; however, the prokaryotic requirements of C and Fe under varying environmental settings remain poorly studied. Here, we used a combination of metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics to identify prokaryotic membrane transporters for organic substrates and Fe in naturally iron-fertilized and high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll waters of the Southern Ocean during spring and late summer.

Carbon content, carbon fixation yield and dissolved organic carbon release from diverse marine nitrifiers.

Nitrifying microorganisms, including ammonia-oxidizing archaea, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, are the most abundant chemoautotrophs in the ocean and play an important role in the global carbon cycle by fixing dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into biomass. The release of organic compounds by these microbes is not well quantified, but may represent an as-yet unaccounted source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) available to marine food webs. Here, we provide measurements of cellular carbon and nitrogen quotas, DIC fixation yields and DOC release of 10 phylogenetically diverse marine nitrifiers.

Linear indium atom chains at graphene edges.

The presence of metal atoms at the edges of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) opens new possibilities toward tailoring their physical properties. We present here formation and high-resolution characterization of indium (In) chains on the edges of graphene-supported GNRs. The GNRs are formed when adsorbed hydrocarbon contamination crystallizes via laser heating into small ribbon-like patches of a second graphitic layer on a continuous graphene monolayer and onto which In is subsequently physical vapor deposited.

Comparison of mechanistic and hybrid modeling approaches for characterization of a CHO cultivation process: Requirements, pitfalls and solution paths.

Despite the advantages of mathematical bioprocess modeling, successful model implementation already starts with experimental planning and accordingly can fail at this early stage. For this study, two different modeling approaches (mechanistic and hybrid) based on a four-dimensional antibody-producing CHO fed-batch process are compared. Overall, 33 experiments are performed in the fractional factorial four-dimensional design space and separated into four different complex data partitions subsequently used for model comparison and evaluation.

Adjusting Overall Survival Estimates of Macitentan in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension After Treatment Switching: Results from the SERAPHIN Study.

Introduction: Evaluating overall survival in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can often be confounded by bias introduced by treatment switching. SERAPHIN was a large RCT that evaluated the effects of long-term treatment with the endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis, a non-significant decrease in the risk of all-cause mortality up to study closure was reported with macitentan 10 mg versus placebo.

Prokaryotic Life in the Deep Ocean's Water Column.

The oceanic waters below a depth of 200 m represent, in terms of volume, the largest habitat of the biosphere, harboring approximately 70% of the prokaryotic biomass in the oceanic water column. These waters are characterized by low temperature, increasing hydrostatic pressure, and decreasing organic matter supply with depth. Recent methodological advances in microbial oceanography have refined our view of the ecology of prokaryotes in the dark ocean.

Fundamental insights in early-stage inclusion body formation.

Early-stage inclusion body formation is still mysterious. Literature is ambiguous about the existence of rod-shaped protein aggregates, a potential sponge-like inclusion body scaffold as well as the number of inclusion bodies per Escherichia coli cell. In this study, we verified the existence of rod-shaped inclusion bodies, confirmed their porous morphology, the presence of multiple protein aggregates per cell and modelled inclusion body formation as function of the number of generations.

Complete Genome Sequences of Two Phylogenetically Distinct Strains Isolated from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

The complete genome sequences of two chemoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria of the genus are reported. Nitrospina gracilis strain Nb-211 was isolated from the Atlantic Ocean, and sp. strain Nb-3 was isolated from the Pacific Ocean.

Marine and terrestrial nitrifying bacteria are sources of diverse bacteriohopanepolyols.

Hopanoid lipids, bacteriohopanols and bacteriohopanepolyols, are membrane components exclusive to bacteria. Together with their diagenetic derivatives, they are commonly used as biomarkers for specific bacterial groups or biogeochemical processes in the geologic record. However, the sources of hopanoids to marine and freshwater environments remain inadequately constrained.

Selective ligand removal to improve accessibility of active sites in hierarchical MOFs for heterogeneous photocatalysis.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are commended as photocatalysts for H evolution and CO reduction as they combine light-harvesting and catalytic functions with excellent reactant adsorption capabilities. For dynamic processes in liquid phase, the accessibility of active sites becomes a critical parameter as reactant diffusion is limited by the inherently small micropores. Our strategy is to introduce additional mesopores by selectively removing one ligand in mixed-ligand MOFs via thermolysis.

Model Transferability and Reduced Experimental Burden in Cell Culture Process Development Facilitated by Hybrid Modeling and Intensified Design of Experiments.

Reliable process development is accompanied by intense experimental effort. The utilization of an intensified design of experiments (iDoE) (intra-experimental critical process parameter (CPP) shifts combined) with hybrid modeling potentially reduces process development burden. The iDoE can provide more process response information in less overall process time, whereas hybrid modeling serves as a commodity to describe this behavior the best way.

Aerosol Jet Printing of Graphene and Carbon Nanotube Patterns on Realistically Rugged Substrates.

Direct-write additive manufacturing of graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT) patterns by aerosol jet printing (AJP) is promising for the creation of thermal and electrical interconnects in (opto)electronics. In realistic application scenarios, this however often requires deposition of graphene and CNT patterns on rugged substrates such as, for example, roughly machined and surface-oxidized metal block heat sinks. Most AJP of graphene/CNT patterns has thus far however concentrated on flat wafer- or foil-type substrates.

Tissue metabolites in diffuse glioma and their modulations by IDH1 mutation, histology, and treatment.

The discovery of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-mutated (IDH1-mutated) tumor entities affirmed the role of metabolism in cancer. However, large databases with tissue metabolites that are modulated by IDH1 mutation remain an area of development. Here, we present an unprecedented and valuable resource for tissue metabolites in diffuse glioma and their modulations by IDH1 mutation, histology, and tumor treatments in 101 tissue samples from 73 diffuse glioma patients (24 astrocytoma, 17 oligodendroglioma, 32 glioblastoma), investigated by NMR-based metabolomics and supported by RNA-Seq.

Assessing transfluthrin mortality against and inside and outside US military tents in a northern Florida environment.

Mortality caused by passive resin transfluthrin diffusers (∼5 mg AI per 24 h release rate) suspended in small 2-person tents was measured for colony-reared sentinel pyrethroid susceptible and female mosquitoes, as well as a pyrethroid-resistant strain of , in a USA military field camp scenario. Mortality effects were investigated for impact by factors such as sentinel cage location (inside tent, tent doorway and outside tent), exposure time (15, 30, 45 and 60 min), and environmental temperature (°C), all of which were examined over an 8-week period. Analyses determined there was a significant interaction between mosquito strain and transfluthrin susceptibility, with the two susceptible strains experiencing significantly greater mean mortality than the resistant strain.

Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) for online monitoring of glucose depletion and cell concentrations in HEK 293 gene therapy processes.

Objectives: The applicability of proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) as a versatile online monitoring tool to increase consistency and robustness for recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) producing HEK 293 bioprocesses was evaluated. We present a structured workflow to extract process relevant information from PTR-MS data.

Results: Reproducibility of volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements was demonstrated with spiking experiments and the process data sets used for applicability evaluation consisted of HEK 293 cell culture triplicates with and without transfection.

Pushing the Boundaries: Forensic DNA Phenotyping Challenged by Single-Cell Sequencing.

Single-cell sequencing is a fast developing and very promising field; however, it is not commonly used in forensics. The main motivation behind introducing this technology into forensics is to improve mixture deconvolution, especially when a trace consists of the same cell type. Successful studies demonstrate the ability to analyze a mixture by separating single cells and obtaining CE-based STR profiles.

Single Indium Atoms and Few-Atom Indium Clusters Anchored onto Graphene via Silicon Heteroatoms.

Single atoms and few-atom nanoclusters are of high interest in catalysis and plasmonics, but pathways for their fabrication and placement remain scarce. We report here the self-assembly of room-temperature-stable single indium (In) atoms and few-atom In clusters (2-6 atoms) that are anchored to substitutional silicon (Si) impurity atoms in suspended monolayer graphene membranes. Using atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), we find that the symmetry of the In structures is critically determined by the three- or fourfold coordination of the Si "anchors".

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea possess a wide range of cellular ammonia affinities.

Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, is an essential process in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. The first step of nitrification, ammonia oxidation, is performed by three, often co-occurring guilds of chemolithoautotrophs: ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), archaea (AOA), and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox). Substrate kinetics are considered to be a major niche-differentiating factor between these guilds, but few AOA strains have been kinetically characterized.