Quercetin/Polyethyleneimine Modified Gold Nanoconjugates Inhibit Apoptosis and ROS Production Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in DRG Sensory Neurons.

The basis of most neurological syndromes is the accumulation of free radical molecules. Quercetin is a polyphenolic bioflavonoid molecule and it has a very strong antioxidant effect by maintaining oxidative balance. There are many difficulties in the clinical use of quercetin due to its hydrophobic structure, low solubility, instability, poor oral bioavailability, and limited tissue-barrier penetration.

Design of IKVAV peptide/gold nanoparticle decorated, micro/nano-channeled PCL/PLGA film scaffolds for neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth.

In the field of neural tissue engineering, intensive efforts are being made to develop tissue scaffolds that can support an effective functional recovery and neural development by guiding damaged axons and neurites. Micro/nano-channeled conductive biomaterials are considered a promising approach for repairing the injured neural tissues. Many studies have demonstrated that the micro/nano-channels and aligned nanofibers could guide the neurites to extend along the direction of alignment.

Melatonin and vitamin E alleviate homocysteine-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis in endothelial cells.

A relationship exists between hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely defined. One possibility involves a homocysteine (Hcy)-induced increased oxidative stress. Melatonin (Mel) and vitamin E (vitE) are important anti-oxidants.

Turkish propolis supresses MCF-7 cell death induced by homocysteine.

Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level is a most important risk factor for various vascular diseases including coronary, cerebral and peripheral arterial and venous thrombosis. Propolis is produced by honeybee from various oils, pollens and wax materials. Therefore, it has various biological properties including antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities.

Turkish propolis protects human endothelial cells in vitro from homocysteine-induced apoptosis.

Chronic cardiovascular and neurodegenerative complications induced by hyperhomocysteinemia have been most relatively associated with endothelial cell injury. Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompanying with oxidative stress which is hallmarks of the molecular mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular disease. Propolis is a natural product, obtained by honeybee from various oils, pollens, special resins and wax materials, conventionally used with the purpose of treatment by folks Propolis has various biological activities and powerful antioxidant capacity.

Effects of lamotrigine and topiramate on brain maturation and cognitive functions in offspring of pregnant rats - preliminary study.

Background: Antiepileptic drugs (AED) which are used to treat seizures in pregnant women, infants, and young children may cause cognitive impairment or other uncertain injury. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for the negative effects of new AEDs like lamotrigine (LTG) and topiramate (TPM) in the developing brain are still unclear.

Objectives: To investigate the GFAP, NCAM and S100B levels in the whole brain of newborn rats on postnatal 1 day and in the hippocampus of adult rats to find out the effect of TPM and LTG on cognitive impairment and brain maturation.

The effects of hydrated C(60) fullerene on gene expression profile of TRPM2 and TRPM7 in hyperhomocysteinemic mice.

Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM2) and TRPM7 channels may be activated by oxidative stress. Hydrated C(60) fullerene (C(60)HyFn) have recently gained considerable attention as promising candidates for neurodegenerative states.

Effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide, clothianidin, on the reproductive organ system in adult male rats.

Clothianidin (CTD) is a novel, broad-spectrum insecticide. In the current study, it was aimed to study the effect of subchronic exposure to low doses of CTD (2, 8 and 24 mg/kg body weight/day) on the reproductive system in adult rats. CTD treatment did not significantly change serum testosterone level or sperm parameters (e.

Effects of resveratrol on blood homocysteine level, on homocysteine induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and cognitive dysfunctions in rats.

We aimed to examine the protective effects of resveratrol against homocysteine induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and cognitive impairment. Rats were randomly divided into three groups. Control group received standard rat food; homocysteine group (Hcy group) received daily methionine at a dose of 1g/kg-body weight dissolved in drinking water for thirty days; third group (Hcy+Res group) received same amount of methionine plus 20mg/kg/day resveratrol intraperitoneally for thirty days.

Insecticide imidacloprid induces morphological and DNA damage through oxidative toxicity on the reproductive organs of developing male rats.

We investigated whether treatment with imidacloprid would induce morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, antioxidant imbalance and apoptosis in the reproductive system of developing male rats. Twenty-four male rats were included in this 90-day study, starting at 7 days of age. The rats were divided into four groups.

Effects of clothianidin exposure on sperm quality, testicular apoptosis and fatty acid composition in developing male rats.

Clothianidin (CTD) is one of the latest members of the synthetic organic insecticides, the neonicotinoids. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate if daily oral administration of CTD at low doses for 90 days has any deleterious effects on reproductive functions of developing male rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each, assigned as control rats, or rats treated with 2 (CTD-2), 8 (CTD-8) or 32 (CTD-32) mg CTD/kg body weight by oral gavage.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) flower improves learning and memory performances impaired by diabetes mellitus in rats.

Oxidative stress induced by diabetes mellitus leads to damages in the brain, as a consequence of which cognitive functions is impaired. Therefore, for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, in addition to antidiabetics, antioxidants are used to cope with oxidative stress. The antioxidant ability of pomegranate flowers (PGF) to cope with the oxidative stress was investigated.

Gingko biloba extract inhibits oxidative stress and ameliorates impaired glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, but can not improve spatial learning in offspring from hyperhomocysteinemic rat dams.

We aimed to study the effects of gingko biloba extract (EGb) on oxidative stress, astrocyte maturation and cognitive disfunction in offspring of hyperhomocysteinemic rats. Hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in the pregnant rats by administration of methionine (1 gr/kg body weight) dissolved in drinking water throughout pregnancy. One group of animals has received same amount of methionine plus 100 mg/kg/day EGb during pregnancy.

Protective effects of nanostructures of hydrated C(60) fullerene on reproductive function in streptozotocin-diabetic male rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a well-recognized cause of male sexual dysfunction and impairments of male fertility. Streptozotocin (STZ) is used for medical treatment of neoplastic islet β-cells of pancreas and producing of animal model of diabetes mellitus type 1 that is characterized by suppression of reproductive activity due to the hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in testes. Seeking for the agents that could alleviate diabetes-induced damage to reproductive system is yet the important area of inquiry.

Effects of maternal hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine intake on oxidative stress and apoptosis in pup rat brain.

Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with a number of complications such as preeclampsia syndrome, thromboembolic events, repeated miscarriages, abruptio placentae, in utero fetal death, intrauterine fetal growth restriction and fetal neural tube defects. However, little is known about the mechanism of homocysteine on the degeneration of fetal brain. Thus, our study is aimed to investigate the effects of maternal hyperhomocysteinemia on oxidative stress and apoptosis in pup brain.

Assessing the effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in the cholinergic synapses of the stellate cells of the mouse cochlear nucleus using whole-cell patch-clamp recording.

Imidacloprid (IMI) is widely used systemic insecticide that acts as an agonist on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). IMI has been reported to be more active against insect nAChRs (EC(50) 0.86-1 microM) than it is against mammalian nAChRs (EC(50) 70 microM).

Electrophysiological properties of ventral cochlear nucleus neurons of the dog.

Neurons in the cochlear nucleus (CN) have distinct anatomical and biophysical specializations and extract various facets of auditory information which are transmitted to the higher auditory centres. The aim of the present study was to determine if the principal neurons (stellate, bushy and octopus cells) of the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) in 2-week-old dog brain slices share common electrophysiological properties with the principal neurons of mouse VCN. Stellate cells (n=21, of which three were anatomically identified), fired large, regular trains of action potentials in response to depolarizing current pulses.

Electrophysiological properties of octopus neurons of the cat cochlear nucleus: an in vitro study.

Electrophysiological studies from mice in vitro have suggested that octopus cells of the mammalian ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) are anatomically and biophysically specialized for detecting the coincident firing of a population of auditory nerve fibers. Recordings from cats in vivo have shown that octopus cells fire rapidly and with exceptional temporal precision as they convey the timing of that coincidence to higher auditory centers. The current study addresses the question whether the biophysical properties of octopus cells that have until now been examined only in mice, are shared by octopus cells in cats.

Melatonin prevents gestational hyperhomocysteinemia-associated alterations in neurobehavioral developments in rats.

Chronic hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor in cardiovascular diseases and neurodegeneration. Among the putative mechanisms of homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity, an increased production of reactive oxygen species has been suggested. However, elevated homocysteine levels might disturb neurogenesis during brain development and lead to persistent congenital malformations in the fetus.

Melatonin inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis in fetal brains of hyperhomocysteinemic rat dams.

Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and complications during pregnancy. Increased homocysteine levels during pregnancy may elevate developmental risk on fetal brain structure and function. However, little is known about the mechanism of action of homocysteine on the degeneration of the fetal brain.

Effects of maternal hyperhomocysteinemia induced by high methionine diet on the learning and memory performance in offspring.

In this study, we suggest that chronic maternal hyperhomocysteinemia results in learning deficits in the offspring due to delayed brain maturation and altered expression pattern of neural cell adhesion molecule. Although the deleterious effects of hyperhomocysteinemia were extensively investigated in the adults, there is no clear evidence suggesting its action on the developing fetal rat brain and cognitive functions of the offspring. Therefore, in the present work we aimed to investigate effects of maternal hyperhomocysteinemia on the fetal brain development and on the behavior of the offspring.

Effect of melatonin and vitamin E on diabetes-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.

Previous studies indicate that diabetes mellitus might be accompanied by a certain erosion of brain function such as cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the effects of melatonin and vitamin E on cognitive functions in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male albino rats via intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection.

Effects of vitamin E against aluminum neurotoxicity in rats.

The present study examined the protective effects of vitamin E against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Wistar rats were given daily aluminum via their drinking water containing 1600 mg/liter aluminum chloride for six weeks. Aluminum induced a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) in hippocampus and frontal cortex.

Melatonin prevents oxidative stress and inhibits reactive gliosis induced by hyperhomocysteinemia in rats.

Homocysteine (Hcy), an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, undergoes auto-oxidation and generates reactive oxygen species, which are thought to be main cause of Hcy neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms leading to neurodegenerative disorders are poorly understood because studies that have investigated the potential neurotoxicity of hyperhomocysteinemia in vivo are scarce. The purpose of this study was to test whether daily administration of methionine, which induces hyperhomocysteinemia, causes glial hyperactivity, and also to investigate the protective effects of melatonin on the brain tissue against oxidative stress of Hcy in rats.