Lung Resection Without Tissue Diagnosis: A Pragmatic Perspective on the Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodule.

Background: The indeterminate pulmonary nodule is a common clinical problem. Preoperative tissue diagnosis is not always possible, despite all attempts. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of a malignant diagnosis in this scenario and whether attempted preoperative biopsy impacted estimation of the risk of malignancy.