Fabrication of Low-cost Realistic Three-dimensional Static Kidney Phantom for Ultrasound-guided Biopsy Applications.

Background: The rapid growth of using ultrasound-guided interventional procedures, including biopsy and drainage, which considered painful procedures, leads to improving the practice cycle of ultrasound-guided procedures. Fabrication of low-cost tissue-mimicking phantoms that serve as a training tool medium for kidney needle biopsy procedures has dramatically overcome the drawbacks associated with these practices, such as reducing the number of miss lesions, medical errors, and recurrence rate as well as these phantoms are widely available and considered a good substitute for cadavers which were not always available and relativity expensive. However, several drawbacks are associated with current kidney phantom models, mainly the short shelf life and the high fabrication cost.