The Adaptation of Pain Assessment Tools from High-Income to Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Psychometric Properties of a Set of Chronic Pain Questionnaires in Mongolian and New Zealand Patient Samples.

Objective: Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability in low- and middle-income countries; however, pain assessment tools have generally been developed and validated in high-income countries. This study examines the psychometric properties of a set of translated pain (and distress) questionnaires in Mongolia and documents the characteristics of people seeking treatment for chronic pain in Mongolia, compared with those in New Zealand, which is representative of high-income countries.

Design: Cross-sectional, observational.