Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: An International Multisite Cohort Study.

Concerns have been raised that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) may increase the risk of thyroid cancer, but evidence remains conflicting. We therefore investigated if GLP1-RA use, compared with use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), was associated with thyroid cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. This multisite cohort study with subsequent meta-analysis included six population-based databases from Canada (Ontario), Denmark, Norway, South Korea, Sweden, and Taiwan.

High Density Lipoproteins Associate with Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the All of Us Research Program.

Objective: Extracellular lipoprotein aggregation is a critical event in AMD pathogenesis. In this study, we sought to analyze associations between clinical and genetic-based factors related to lipoprotein metabolism and risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the All of Us research program.

Design: Cross-sectional retrospective data analysis.

Association Between Alcohol Use and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

Prcis: In a diverse database (All of Us), we report significant dose-response associations between alcohol use frequency and glaucoma, with alcohol use of 4 or more drinks per week associated with significantly increased odds of glaucoma.

Purpose: Current evidence on the association between alcohol use and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is mixed. We utilize the diverse All of Us Research Program to further examine this relationship.

Childhood-onset lupus nephritis is characterized by complex interactions between kidney stroma and infiltrating immune cells.

Children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at increased risk of developing kidney disease, termed childhood-onset lupus nephritis (cLN). Single-cell transcriptomics of dissociated kidney tissue has advanced our understanding of LN pathogenesis, but loss of spatial resolution prevents interrogation of in situ cellular interactions. Using a technical advance in spatial transcriptomics, we generated a spatially resolved, single-cell resolution atlas of kidney tissue from eight patients with cLN and four control individuals.

Search for Soft Unclustered Energy Patterns in Proton-Proton Collisions at 13 TeV.

The first search for soft unclustered energy patterns (SUEPs) is performed using an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, collected in 2016-2018 by the CMS detector at the LHC. Such SUEPs are predicted by hidden valley models with a new, confining force with a large 't Hooft coupling. In events with boosted topologies, selected by high-threshold hadronic triggers, the multiplicity and sphericity of clustered tracks are used to reject the background from standard model quantum chromodynamics.

Prompting better feedback: investigating the effect of targeted form design on quality of narrative feedback in ophthalmology CBME assessments.

Objective: Competency-based medical education (CBME) requires a variety of assessments evaluating resident performance. Assessment form design may influence narrative feedback quality. To evaluate the effect of including targeted written comment prompts in entrustable professional activity (EPA) assessment forms on the quality of narrative feedback in CBME ophthalmology resident trainee assessments.

Cross-instrument optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA)-based prediction of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) disease activity using artificial intelligence.

This study investigates the efficacy of predicting age-related macular degeneration (AMD) activity through deep neural networks (DNN) using a cross-instrument training dataset composed of Optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA) images from two different manufacturers. A retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 2D vascular en-face OCTA images from Heidelberg Spectralis (1478 samples: 1102 training, 276 validation, 100 testing) and Optovue Solix (1003 samples: 754 training, 189 validation, 60 testing). OCTA scans were labeled based on clinical diagnoses and adjacent B-scan OCT fluid information, categorizing activity into normal, dry AMD, active wet AMD, and wet AMD in remission.

Search for the Z Boson Decay to ττμμ in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

The first search for the Z boson decay to ττμμ at the CERN LHC is presented, based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1}. The data are compatible with the predicted background. For the first time, an upper limit at the 95% confidence level of 6.

Observation of the decay.

Using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of collected by the CMS experiment at , the decay is observed for the first time, with a statistical significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The relative branching fraction, with respect to the decay, is measured to be , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is related to the uncertainties in and .

Observation of Enhanced Long-Range Elliptic Anisotropies Inside High-Multiplicity Jets in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

A search for collective effects inside jets produced in proton-proton collisions is performed via correlation measurements of charged particles using the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The analysis uses data collected at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1}. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-k_{T} algorithm with a distance parameter of 0.

Analysis of ChatGPT Responses to Ophthalmic Cases: Can ChatGPT Think like an Ophthalmologist?

Objective: Large language models such as ChatGPT have demonstrated significant potential in question-answering within ophthalmology, but there is a paucity of literature evaluating its ability to generate clinical assessments and discussions. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the accuracy of assessment and plans generated by ChatGPT and (2) evaluate ophthalmologists' abilities to distinguish between responses generated by clinicians versus ChatGPT.

Design: Cross-sectional mixed-methods study.

Association Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Exposure and Intraocular Pressure Change: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Intraocular Pressure Change.

Purpose: This study evaluates the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists on intraocular pressure (IOP).

Design: Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: The University of California Health Data Warehouse was queried for patients exposed to GLP-1R agonists or other oral antidiabetics.

Medical, Environmental, and Social Determinants Associated With Periocular Cutaneous Malignancies in the United States Using the All of Us National Database.

Objective: To identify common factors associated with periocular cutaneous malignancies using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) database.

Methodology: In this case-control study, we extracted electronic health records and sociodemographic data for 385 cases of periocular cutaneous malignancies from the nationwide database. Controls ( = 1540) were matched to the demographic characteristics of the 2020 United States Census.

Federated Learning in Glaucoma: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives.

Clinical Relevance: Glaucoma is a complex eye condition with varied morphological and clinical presentations, making diagnosis and management challenging. The lack of a consensus definition for glaucoma or glaucomatous optic neuropathy further complicates the development of universal diagnostic tools. Developing robust artificial intelligence (AI) models for glaucoma screening is essential for early detection and treatment but faces significant obstacles.