Actuating Extracellular Matrices Decouple the Mechanical and Biochemical Effects of Muscle Contraction on Motor Neurons.

Emerging in vivo evidence suggests that repeated muscle contraction, or exercise, impacts peripheral nerves. However, the difficulty of isolating the muscle-specific impact on motor neurons in vivo, as well as the inability to decouple the biochemical and mechanical impacts of muscle contraction in this setting, motivates investigating this phenomenon in vitro. This study demonstrates that tuning the mechanical properties of fibrin enables longitudinal culture of highly contractile skeletal muscle monolayers, enabling functional characterization of and long-term secretome harvesting from exercised tissues.

Repair of Type C Tracheo-esophageal Fistula/Esophageal Atresia With or Without Trans Anastomotic Tube: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The use of trans anastomotic feeding tube (TAFT) during the repair of Esophageal atresia/Tracheo-esophageal fistula (EA/TEF) aims to enhance outcomes by enabling early feeding, reducing the requirement for parenteral nutrition, and reducing complications such as anastomotic leak by stenting the anastomosis. However, TAFT's benefits and drawbacks are debated due to conflicting reports. Thus, we conducted a prospective pilot randomized control trial to elucidate the impact of TAFT on postoperative outcomes and the potential benefits of avoidance of TAFT.

Taking control: Steering the future of biohybrid robots.

Innovations in control mechanisms for muscle-powered robots are advancing the sophistication of biohybrid machines.

Proportion of dry eye in type II diabetics.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disorder, which is one of the most prevalent and important non-infectious causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic cataracts are well-known complications, dry eye syndrome (DES), also referred to as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is also common in the diabetic population. If left untreated, severe dry eye may lead to eye inflammation, abrasion of the corneal surface, corneal ulcers, and vision loss.

Hyaline cartilage at the portal plate and gallbladder in biliary atresia.

Biliary atresia (BA) is a fibro-obliterative cholestatic disease of infancy. The presence of cartilage in the resected tissue is an uncommon finding. We documented the presence of both mature and immature hyaline cartilage in the portal plate and the wall of the gallbladder in a 2-month-old girl infant with BA who had undergone Kasai portoenterostomy.

Antenatally Detected Thoracic Lesions: Prognosis, Management and Outcome.

Background: Foetal thoracic lesions are uncommon, with the incidence of 1 in 15,000 live births. Antenatal monitoring of these lesions is required to prognosticate the parents about the postnatal outcome of the lesions and about the well-being of the baby. Foetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the modalities to detect these lesions and follow-up during pregnancy and postnatally.

Goal-directed fluid therapy guided by plethysmographic variability index versus conventional liberal fluid therapy in neonates undergoing abdominal surgery: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: Intraoperative fluid therapy maintains normovolemia, normal tissue perfusion, normal metabolic function, normal electrolytes, and acid-base status. Plethysmographic variability index has been shown to predict fluid responsiveness but its role in guiding intraoperative fluid therapy is still elusive.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to compare intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy based on plethysmographic variability index with liberal fluid therapy in term neonates undergoing abdominal surgeries.

Cerebrospinal fluid virology in people with HIV.

Objective: Our objectives were to investigate the recent frequency of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV RNA escape and other CSF viral nucleic acid detection in people with HIV with neurological symptoms and to assess associated clinical factors.

Method: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of people with HIV who underwent CSF examination for clinical indications between 2017 and 2022. Individuals were identified from pathology records, and clinical data were recorded.

Blue economy: industrialisation and coastal fishing livelihoods in Ghana.

The growing focus on the blue economy is accelerating industrial fishing in many parts of the world. This intensification is affecting the livelihoods of small-scale fishers, processors, and traders by depleting local fishery resources, damaging fishing gears, putting fishers' lives at risk, and compromising market systems and value chain positions. In this article, we outline the experiences, perspectives, and narratives of the small-scale fishing actors in Ghana.

Initial Use of 100% but Not 60% or 30% Oxygen Achieved a Target Heart Rate of 100 bpm and Preductal Saturations of 80% Faster in a Bradycardic Preterm Model.

Background: Currently, 21−30% supplemental oxygen is recommended during resuscitation of preterm neonates. Recent studies have shown that 58% of infants < 32 week gestation age are born with a heart rate (HR) < 100 bpm. Prolonged bradycardia with the inability to achieve a preductal saturation (SpO2) of 80% by 5 min is associated with mortality and morbidity in preterm infants.

Isolated Fetal Ventriculomegaly- Postnatal Outcomes and Proposed New Prognostication Classification.

Background: Outcome of Isolated ventriculomegaly diagnosed antenatally depends on size of ventricles and associated malformations. There is scarcity of literature on the guidelines for prognostication based on outcomes as per the ventricle size.

Aim: The aim of this work was to study outcome of antenatally detected isolated ventriculomegaly in terms of medical termination, postnatal neuro-developmental milestones, and mortality; and also to propose a new prognostication classification.

Revelation of an important weakness in polio elimination efforts in Nigeria: a descriptive cross-sectional study of nomadic dynamics in Sokoto and Taraba States, May 2013.

Introduction: Operational gaps in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative implementation had been partly responsible for inadequate population immunity and the continued transmission of wild poliovirus in Nigeria before the African Region was declared polio-free in 2020. Missed opportunities to provide services in nomadic populations due to frequent mobility, lack of inclusion in microplans and the remoteness of their settlements were the major challenges. During May 2013 we conducted immunization outreach to nomadic and other underserved communities in Rabah LGA, Sokoto state, and Ardo Kola LGA, Taraba state, in Nigeria to identify and vaccinate children missed during supplemental immunization activities while identifying missed acute flaccid paralysis cases.

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication in Kano State, Nigeria, 2010 - 2017.

Introduction: Kano State in Northern Nigeria was a major source of Wild Polio Virus (WPV) cases in Nigeria up until 2015. In 2009, the State reported 168 WPV cases out of the 388 reported nationally. This paper characterizes the progress made by Kano State in polio eradication.

Population-based repeat cross-sectional seroprevalence survey of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation Area, Maharashtra, India.

Context: Population-based seroepidemiological studies are recommended to measure the extent of spread of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) infection in an area. The present seroprevalence survey was planned with the aim to estimate the cumulative burden of the COVID-19 disease in the Pimpri Chinchwad corporation area.

Aims: To estimate the cumulative burden of the COVID-19 disease in the Pimpri Chinchwad corporation area.

Placental transfusion during neonatal resuscitation in an asphyxiated preterm model.

Background: Neonatal Resuscitation Program does not recommend placental transfusion in depressed preterm neonates.

Methods: Our objectives were to study the effect of delayed cord clamping (DCC) with ventilation for 5 min (DCCV, n-5), umbilical cord milking (UCM) without ventilation (n-6), UCM with ventilation (UCMV, n-6), early cord clamping followed by ventilation (ECCV, n-6) on red cell volume (RCV), and hemodynamic changes in asphyxiated preterm lambs. Twenty-three preterm lambs at 127-128 days gestation were randomized to DCCV, UCM, UCMV, and ECCV.

Availability and use of non-prescribed buprenorphine-naloxone in a Canadian setting, 2014-2020.

Background: Buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) is a first-line treatment for opioid use disorder and has a superior safety profile compared to other forms of opioid agonist therapy. In Canada, restrictions on BUP-NX prescribing were relaxed in 2016, which may have had an effect on rates of diversion and non-prescribed use. We sought to longitudinally examine the reported availability and use of non-prescribed BUP-NX among people who use drugs (PWUD) in an urban Canadian setting.

Laryngeal mask ventilation with chest compression during neonatal resuscitation: randomized, non-inferiority trial in lambs.

Background: Effective positive-pressure ventilation is a critical factor in newborn resuscitation. Neonatal endotracheal intubation (ETT) needs considerable training and experience, which poses a human factor challenge. Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) ventilation can be a secure and viable alternative during the initial stages of newborn resuscitation.

Reliability of mobile application-based cephalometric analysis for chair side evaluation of orthodontic patient in clinical practice.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of Mobile Application-Based Software for chair side cephalometric analysis.

Materials And Method: Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 20 patients (10 males and 10 females) were selected randomly and were traced manually and also using Application-based software (One Ceph). 20 angular and three linear parameters were measured both manually and with the software in all the patients.

Anorectal Malformations: The Earlier the Diagnosis, the Better the Outcome.

Objective: To estimate the impact of delayed presentation of anorectal malformation (ARM) in neonates and to compare the presenting characteristics and outcomes of early versus delayed presentation.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study of all neonates (age < 28 d) with ARM over 2 y. Delayed presentation was defined as presentation beyond 48 h of birth.