A 2 MV Van de Graaff accelerator as a tool for planetary and impact physics research.

Investigating the dynamical and physical properties of cosmic dust can reveal a great deal of information about both the dust and its many sources. Over recent years, several spacecraft (e.g.

[Does morphine have a life-shortening effect?].

Morphine is a standard medication in pain therapy; opioids are grouped in step two and three of the WHO analgesic ladder. In palliative medicine, morphine is the preferred drug and is used for alleviating pain and reducing anxiety. When dosed correctly, a life-shortening effect can be definitely excluded today.

[Early recognition of brain death--a contribution to organ explantation].

The criteria for brain death are presented and reference is made to the legally required observation period. To shorten the observation period, the Federal Medical Council (Bundesärztekammer) set out in 1986 possible aids to making decisions. The time at which extensive additional investigations should start makes it necessary to approximately determine the moment of brain death.

Interactions of liposomes with human erythrocyte ghosts.

Interactions between human erythrocyte ghosts and small unilamellar vesicles consisting of various lipids and containing high intravesicular concentrations of calcein were studied. The entrapped marker leaked out under the influence of erythrocyte ghost in dependence on ghost and vesicle concentration, phospholipid composition as well as cholesterol content of the liposomes. Small unilamellar vesicles composed of sphingomyelin/cholesterol mixtures at a molar ratio of 1:1 are less permeable than those prepared from other phospholipids in the presence of erythrocyte ghosts.

[Conflicting decisions in the border zone of dying and death].

Due to the success of reanimation, intensive medicine and organ transplants, new decision criteria and situations in medical care have arisen which can be determined legally and ethically, but without sufficiently considering related traditional human behavior. A particular aspect, the determination of brain death in connection with organ transplants, requires a further and better clarification. The current stage of dialogue is critically examined and recommendations for medical care and decisions are given.

[The cooperation between anesthesiologists and surgeons].

With the development of anaesthesiology as an independent medical field, the anaesthesiologists were structurally brought together as an autonomous unit. They are not included in the leadership structure of the surgical institutions in which they work. Between surgeons and anaesthesiologists there is no system of super- or subordination.

A survey of abomasal ulceration in veal calves.

Abomasal ulceration was found in 264 of 304 commercially reared veal calves at slaughter. The incidence and severity of lesions were greatest in loose housed calves with access to straw and fed milk substitute ad libitum. The majority of lesions were located in the distal pylorus.

Modulation of bone loss during calcium insufficiency by controlled dynamic loading.

Changes in the midshaft cross-sectional area of the ulna were measured in egg-laying turkeys on a diet insufficient in calcium. Left:right comparisons were used to assess the bone loss over a six-week period due to 1) calcium insufficiency, 2) calcium insufficiency plus disuse, and 3) calcium insufficiency and disuse interrupted by a short daily period of intermittent loading applied from an external device. Calcium insufficiency alone in the intact ulna resulted in a 15% reduction in cross-sectional area.

[Multiple organic replacement in intensive care medicine seen from anaesthesiological view (author's transl)].

Additional effective methods have to be studied for in order to improve further the treatment of life threatening conditions which are accompanied by reversible breakdown of organic functions. The development and the recent state of different technical and biological replacement functions are presented and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Temporary multiple organic replacement (lung, kidney, liver) by way of peripheral vessels offers a therapeutic procedure capable of development.

[Studies on the functional ability of swine liver perfused with human blood in machine recirculation attempt. 2. Behavior of serochemical parameters].

In the present paper is reported on the behavior of different serochemical parameters in heterologous perfusion of the liver of pigs. The perfusion of the animal livers was carried out with preserved human blood in 11 recirculation experiments (closed machine circulations). In addition to this an empty circulation with human blood without attachment to an animal liver was carried out, whereby otherwise the arrangement of the experiment was the same, in order to take into consideration the effects of the blood traumatisation in the interpretation of the results.

[Studies on the functional ability of swine liver perfused with human blood in machine recirculation attempt. Experiment design, elimination of indocyanine green, galactose, bilirubin and ammonia, synthesis of urea, bile secretion].

In 11 machine experiments of recirculation the abilities of survival and functioning of livers of dwarf pigs perfused with human preserved blood were tested with the help of the eliminations of indocyanine green, galactose, bilirubin and ammonia from a closed circulation. Further urea-nitrogen were measured as indicator of the urea synthesis and bile secretion. The perfusion of the animal livers was carried out in 9 cases only through the portal vein.

[Simultaneous extra-corporeal oxygenation and haemodialysis in intesive medicine (a case report) (author's transl)].

In the field of intensive care there is a rise in the number of patients with distrubed or defunct vital functions, in whom multilateral therapy on traditional lines fails. The necessity of introducing new forms of treatment has been the occasion for the development of a universal perfusion device for temporary artificial multiple-organ substitution in the Faculty of Medicine at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. This apparatus makes possible the substitution of, or support for, the functions of lungs, kidneys and liver singly or combined, via the extracorporeal treatment of the blood.

[Experimental and clinical use of the mini-size bubble-bag thermooxygenator by the Rygg-Kyvsgaard method].

The authors report on experimental and clinical use of the Mini-size-bubble-bag-thermooxygenator according to Rygg-Kyvsgaard. The advantages and possible applications are demonstrated. The Mini-size-bubble-bag-thermooxygenator is recommended for routine cardiosurgery on infants.

Laser modification to an x-ray collimator: an aid in positioning patients for neurosurgical and radiographic procedures.

In high-ambient-light levels such as are found in operating rooms, and at long target-to-patient distances, the cross lines and light field projected from conventional x-ray collimators are not easily visible and proper patient positioning is difficult. The collimators on two mutually perpendicular x-ray units have been modified by replacing the incandescent bulbs with lasers and adjusting the lasers to be coaxial with the x-ray beams. These modifications have been coupled with a third wall-mounted laser to facilitate patient positioning for stereotaxic thermal hypophysectomy.