Interactive effects of APOE haplotype, sex, and exercise on postheparin plasma lipase activities.

Hepatic lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities (HLA, LPLA) modify lipoproteins and facilitate their binding to hepatic receptors. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) physically interacts with the lipases, and the three common haplotypes of the APOE gene (ε2, ε3, and ε4) yield protein isoforms (E2, E3, and E4, respectively) that are functionally different. Lipase activities themselves differ by sex and exercise training status.

Adiponectin and type 2 diabetes in Samoan adults.

Objective: Previous studies have established an association between adiponectin and type 2 diabetes. It is unclear whether adiponectin will be useful among Samoan Islanders, characterized by markedly elevated levels of obesity, in differentiating those at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Cross-sectional, genetic epidemiology study of obesity in American Samoa and Samoa 2002-2003 (n = 1,599).

A genome-wide linkage scan identifies multiple chromosomal regions influencing serum lipid levels in the population on the Samoan islands.

Abnormal lipid levels are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. We conducted genome-wide variance component linkage analyses to search for loci influencing total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL and triglyceride in families residing in American Samoa and Samoa as well as in a combined sample from the two polities. We adjusted the traits for a number of environmental covariates, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and material lifestyle.

C-reactive protein, but not homocysteine, is related to cognitive dysfunction in older adults with cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Recent studies implicate homocysteine (HCY) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in this increased risk, as both are associated with cognitive dysfunction in demented and non-demented patients. However, it remains unclear whether they confer added risk in older adults with CVD.

Racial differences in serum lipids in HIV+ women treated with protease inhibitor regimens.

Purpose: To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in Caucasian and African American HIV+ women undergoing treatment with HAART including a protease inhibitor (PI).

Method: Anthropometric measures and fasting blood samples were obtained from 32 Caucasian and 10 African American women. Serum was analyzed for glucose, insulin, and lipid levels.

Apolipoprotein E genotype and changes in serum lipids and maximal oxygen uptake with exercise training.

Physical activity improves lipid levels by altering triglyceride (TG) metabolism. Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) facilitates TG clearance by mediating lipoprotein binding to hepatic receptors, but Apo E also has less defined roles in skeletal muscle and nervous tissue. This study examined if variants in Apo E genotype affect the lipid and physiologic response to exercise training.

Lipid changes in patients initiating efavirenz- and indinavir-based antiretroviral regimens.

Purpose: To evaluate nonfasting lipid levels in a large cohort of patients on three HAART regimens: efavirenz + zidovudine + lamivudine (EFV+ZDV+3TC), efavirenz + indinavir (EFV+IDV), and indinavir + zidovudine + lamivudine (IDV+ZDV+3TC).

Method: Nonfasting lipid levels were analyzed from a large randomized multicenter treatment trial for HIV-infected patients initiating HAART. Treatment evaluations were carried out at prescribed intervals, and data were recorded and analyzed.

Acute psychological stress reduces plasma triglyceride clearance.

Acute stress elevates blood lipids, with the largest increases among men and postmenopausal women. The mechanisms for the effect are unknown, but may be due to altered lipid metabolism. This study investigated if acute stress induces transient reductions in triglyceride clearance in middle-aged men and women, and determined if gender and menopause affect triglyceride metabolism.

Plateau in body habitus changes and serum lipid abnormalities in HIV-positive women on highly active antiretroviral therapy: a 3.5-year study.

Background: In a previously reported study, 21 women (propositi) who reported changes in body habitus during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were evaluated and compared with 21 women (comparison group) on HAART who did not report body habitus changes. Mean durations of HAART at baseline evaluation were 12.5 and 15.

Genetic effect of two APOA repeat polymorphisms (kringle 4 and pentanucleotide repeats) on plasma Lp(a) levels in American Samoans.

Elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] level has been established as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Considerable ethnic group differences in the distribution of plasma Lp(a) levels have raised public health concerns. Recently, we have reported that Samoans have the lowest plasma Lp(a) levels of any population group.

Plasma lipoprotein(a) distribution and its correlates among Samoans.

Plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]-consisting of a disulfide-linked complex of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein (a)--levels are considered to be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. There are considerable ethnic group differences in the distribution of plasma Lp(a) levels that raise public health concerns. Although plasma Lp(a) distribution has been determined in various ethnic groups, no such information is available in Pacific Islanders.

Cystatin C as a determinant of fasting plasma total homocysteine levels in coronary artery disease patients with normal serum creatinine.

Serum creatinine, a surrogate for both renal function and homocysteine generation, is a determinant of fasting plasma total homocysteine levels in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. We hypothesized that among stable-CAD patients with normal creatinine levels (ie, View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Changes in body habitus and serum lipid abnormalities in HIV-positive women on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Twenty-one women (propositi) who expressed serious concerns about changes in body habitus during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were evaluated by thorough physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and serum lipid and endocrine assays. The same evaluations were carried out in a comparison group of 21 women who received HAART but did not complain of changes in habitus. No significant demographic differences were found between the propositi and the comparison group, nor were there significant differences in CD4 count or plasma viral load (PVL) between the two groups.

Lipid reactivity to stress: II. Biological and behavioral influences.

This study examined behavioral and physiological influences on lipid concentrations during acute and chronic stressors. One hundred men (n = 92) and women (n = 8) were tested during a chronic stressor and during 2 acute stressors. During chronic stress, diet, physical activity, exercise, and sleep were examined.

Lipid reactivity to stress: I. Comparison of chronic and acute stress responses in middle-aged airline pilots.

Lipids increase during psychological stress, but no studies have compared the effects of acute and chronic stressors on lipid responsivity in the same individuals. One hundred middle-aged men (n = 92) and women (n = 8) were examined during high chronic occupational stress, low chronic stress, and acute laboratory stressors. In addition to measures of perceived stress and affect, an extensive battery of lipid and lipoprotein measures was undertaken at each time point.

Plasma total homocysteine and hemodialysis access thrombosis: a prospective study.

Mild hyperhomocysteinemia, a putative risk factor for atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, may contribute to the excess incidence of atherothrombotic outcomes in the dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease population. Hemodialysis access (fistula or graft) thrombosis is an unfortunately common and costly morbidity in this patient population. In this study, using a prospective design, the potential relationship between baseline nonfasting, predialysis plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels and vascular access-related morbidity was examined in a cohort of 84 hemodialysis patients with a fistula or prosthetic graft as their primary hemodialysis access.

Distribution of and factors associated with serum homocysteine levels in children: Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health.

Context: Although evidence suggests that homocysteine is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adults, little information exists on homocysteine levels in children.

Objectives: To describe the distribution of serum homocysteine concentrations among children and to examine the association between homocysteine levels and several characteristics, including serum levels of folic acid and vitamins B12 and B6.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Serum cystatin C as a determinant of fasting total homocysteine levels in renal transplant recipients with a normal serum creatinine.

Serum creatinine, a surrogate for both renal function and homocysteine generation, is an important determinant of fasting plasma total homocysteine levels in stable renal transplant recipients. In this study, it is hypothesized that among stable renal transplant recipients with normal creatinine levels (i.e.

Exercise training has little effect on HDL levels and metabolism in men with initially low HDL cholesterol.

Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a recognized risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Exercise is often recommended to increase HDL-C, but the effect of exercise training on HDL levels and metabolism in subjects with low HDL concentrations is not well defined. The present study compared the HDL response to 12 months of supervised endurance exercise training without weight loss in 17 men aged 26 49 years with initially low ( < 40 mg/dl, N=7) or normal ( > 44 mg/dl, N=10) HDL-C levels.

HDL cholesterol: trends in two southeastern New England communities, 1981-1993.

Purpose: Although public health interventions have not specifically targeted high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, observed changes in the prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors would be expected to have differential effects on HDL. This study examined secular trends in HDL in relation to changes in other cardiovascular risk factors for the years 1981 through 1993 in the Pawtucket Heart Health Program (PHHP) study communities.

Methods: Nonfasting HDL levels were assessed in 12,223 respondents to six biennial population random sample surveys.

Effects of short-term stanozolol administration on serum lipoproteins in hepatic lipase deficiency.

We have identified a kindred in Providence, RI, deficient in hepatic triglyceride lipase (HL). The two affected brothers have coronary heart disease and elevated levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and apolipoprotein [apo] A-I. The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity is normal.

Temporal stability of lipid responses to acute psychological stress in middle-aged men.

The purpose of this study was to establish the temporal stability of lipid responses to acute psychological stress. Eighteen men were tested twice an average of 16.2 months apart in identical laboratory reactivity protocols.

The effect of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on fasting total homocysteine levels in normal men.

Elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) levels are associated with increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. tHcy levels are higher in men than in women, and estrogen replacement therapy may reduce tHcy levels in postmenopausal women. The effect of androgenic hormones on tHcy levels in men has not been examined.

Effect of prolonged exercise training without weight loss on high-density lipoprotein metabolism in overweight men.

This study examined the effect of exercise training without weight loss on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism in overweight men. We evaluated HDL metabolism using 125I-radiolabeled autologous HDL in 17 overweight men aged 40 +/- 7 years (mean +/- SD) before and after 1 year of exercise training. Subjects consumed defined diets in a metabolic kitchen during the metabolic studies.

Hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and lipoprotein (a) excess in maintenance dialysis patients: a matched case-control study.

Maintenance dialysis patients experience an exceedingly high incidence of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) events that are poorly predicted by traditional CVD risk factor indices. We evaluated the prevalence of three non-traditional CVD risk factors, i.e.