Encompassing view of spatial and single-cell RNA sequencing renews the role of the microvasculature in human atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a pervasive contributor to ischemic heart disease and stroke. Despite the advance of lipid-lowering therapies and anti-hypertensive agents, the residual risk of an atherosclerotic event remains high, and developing therapeutic strategies has proven challenging. This is due to the complexity of atherosclerosis with a spatial interplay of multiple cell types within the vascular wall.

Campylobacter fetus Adrenal Abscess.

A 69-year-old highly comorbid female patient presented to the emergency department with sepsis following a month of fevers, myalgias, and lethargy. Abdominal imaging revealed an adrenal abscess, an aspirate of which grew ). The patient was treated with meropenem and then azithromycin; however secondary infection of the abscess cavity with an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing  () and failure of source control led to an extended clinical course.

Deisolation in the Healthcare Setting Following Recent COVID-19 Infection.

Background: Deisolation of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, presented a substantial challenge for healthcare workers and policy makers, particularly during the early phases of the pandemic. Data to guide deisolation of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients remain limited, and the risk of transmitting and acquiring infection has changed with the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants and population immunity from previous vaccination or infection, or both.

Aims: This review examines the evidence to guide the deisolation of SARS-CoV-2-infected inpatients within the hospital setting when clinically improving and also of healthcare workers with COVID-19 prior to returning to work.

[Promoting active mobility in old age through urban design].

In an ageing society, maintaining independent mobility into old age is an important objective. Mental and physical wellbeing depends not only on individual health status, but also to a large extent on the spatial conditions. Local politics and municipal administrations can influence this, especially in urban planning.

Quantitative assay to analyze neutralization and inhibition of authentic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

To date, there is no licensed vaccine for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Therefore, MERS-CoV is one of the diseases targeted by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) vaccine development programs and has been classified as a priority disease by the World Health Organization (WHO). An important measure of vaccine immunogenicity and antibody functionality is the detection of virus-neutralizing antibodies.

A systematic evaluation of state-of-the-art deconvolution methods in spatial transcriptomics: insights from cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease.

A major challenge in sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics (ST) is resolution limitations. Tissue sections are divided into hundreds of thousands of spots, where each spot invariably contains a mixture of cell types. Methods have been developed to deconvolute the mixed transcriptional signal into its constituents.

Beyond muscles: Investigating immunoregulatory myokines in acute resistance exercise - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Myokines, released from the muscle, enable communication between the working muscles and other tissues. Their release during physical exercise is assumed to depend on immune-hormonal-metabolic interactions concerning mode (endurance or resistance exercise), duration, and intensity. This meta-analysis aims to examine the acute changes of circulating myokines inducing immunoregulatory effects caused by a bout of resistance exercise and to consider potential moderators of the results.

Diving dinosaurs? Caveats on the use of bone compactness and pFDA for inferring lifestyle.

The lifestyle of spinosaurid dinosaurs has been a topic of lively debate ever since the unveiling of important new skeletal parts for Spinosaurus aegyptiacus in 2014 and 2020. Disparate lifestyles for this taxon have been proposed in the literature; some have argued that it was semiaquatic to varying degrees, hunting fish from the margins of water bodies, or perhaps while wading or swimming on the surface; others suggest that it was a fully aquatic underwater pursuit predator. The various proposals are based on equally disparate lines of evidence.

Dual targeting of the androgen receptor and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in prostate cancer models improves antitumor efficacy and promotes cell apoptosis.

Prostate cancer is a frequent malignancy in older men and has a very high 5-year survival rate if diagnosed early. The prognosis is much less promising if the tumor has already spread outside the prostate gland. Targeted treatments mainly aim at blocking androgen receptor (AR) signaling and initially show good efficacy.

Lipophilic Studies and In Silico ADME Profiling of Biologically Active 2-Aminothiazol-4(5)-one Derivatives.

Pseudothiohydantoin derivatives have a wide range of biological activities and are widely used in the development of new pharmaceuticals. Lipophilicity is a basic, but very important parameter in the design of potential drugs, as it determines solubility in lipids, nonpolar solvents, and makes it possible to predict the ADME profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipophilicity of 28 pseudothiohydantoin derivatives showing the inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) using chromatographic methods.

Fluorine-Substituted Halide Solid Electrolytes with Enhanced Stability toward the Lithium Metal.

The high ionic conductivity and good oxidation stability of halide-based solid electrolytes evoke strong interest in this class of materials. Nonetheless, the superior oxidative stability compared to sulfides comes at the expense of limited stability toward reduction and instability against metallic lithium anodes, which hinders their practical use. In this context, the gradual fluorination of LiZrClF (0 ≤ ≤ 1.

A Review of Biologically Active Oxime Ethers.

Oxime ethers are a class of compounds containing the >C=N-O-R moiety. The presence of this moiety affects the biological activity of the compounds. In this review, the structures of oxime ethers with specific biological activity have been collected and presented, and bactericidal, fungicidal, antidepressant, anticancer and herbicidal activities, among others, are described.

Synthesis of Novel 2-(Cyclopentylamino)thiazol-4(5)-one Derivatives with Potential Anticancer, Antioxidant, and 11β-HSD Inhibitory Activities.

In this study, a series of nine new 2-(cyclopentylamino)thiazol-4(5)-one derivatives were synthesized, and their anticancer, antioxidant, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) inhibitory activities were tested. Anticancer activity has been assessed using the MTS (MTS: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay against human colon carcinoma (Caco-2), human pancreatic carcinoma (PANC-1), glioma (U-118 MG), human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231), and skin melanoma (SK-MEL-30) cancer cell lines. Cell viability reductions, especially in the case of Caco-2, MDA-MB-231, and SK-MEL-30 lines, were observed for most compounds.

Single-nucleus RNA sequencing in ischemic cardiomyopathy reveals common transcriptional profile underlying end-stage heart failure.

Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is the leading cause of heart failure worldwide, yet the cellular and molecular signature of this disease is largely unclear. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and integrated computational analyses, we profile the transcriptomes of over 99,000 human cardiac nuclei from the non-infarct region of the left ventricle of 7 ICM transplant recipients and 8 non-failing (NF) controls. We find the cellular composition of the ischemic heart is significantly altered, with decreased cardiomyocytes and increased proportions of lymphatic, angiogenic, and arterial endothelial cells in patients with ICM.

Ebola Virus Activates IRE1α-Dependent Splicing.

Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) are highly pathogenic filoviruses that influence cellular signaling according to their own needs. MARV has been shown to regulate the IRE1α-dependent unfolded protein response (UPR) to ensure optimal virus replication. It was not known whether EBOV affects this signaling cascade, which can be beneficial or detrimental for viruses.

Comparative Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Impact of Androgen Stimulation and Darolutamide Inhibition.

Several inhibitors of androgen receptor (AR) function are approved for prostate cancer treatment, and their impact on gene transcription has been described. However, the ensuing effects at the protein level are far less well understood. We focused on the AR signaling inhibitor darolutamide and confirmed its strong AR binding and antagonistic activity using the high throughput cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA HT).

A scoping review of regulatory T cell dynamics in convalescent COVID-19 patients - indications for their potential involvement in the development of Long COVID?

Background: Recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be impaired by the persistence of symptoms or new-onset health complications, commonly referred to as Long COVID. In a subset of patients, Long COVID is associated with immune system perturbations of unknown etiology, which could be related to compromised immunoregulatory mechanisms.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the existing literature regarding the frequency and functionality of Tregs in convalescent COVID-19 patients and to explore indications for their potential involvement in the development of Long COVID.

is not an aquatic dinosaur.

A predominantly fish-eating diet was envisioned for the sail-backed theropod dinosaur when its elongate jaws with subconical teeth were unearthed a century ago in Egypt. Recent discovery of the high-spined tail of that skeleton, however, led to a bolder conjecture that was the first fully aquatic dinosaur. The 'aquatic hypothesis' posits that was a slow quadruped on land but a capable pursuit predator in coastal waters, powered by an expanded tail.

11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 as a Potential Treatment Target in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) belong to the group of steroid hormones. Their representative in humans is cortisol. GCs are involved in most physiological processes of the body and play a significant role in important biological processes, including reproduction, growth, immune responses, metabolism, maintenance of water and electrolyte balance, functioning of the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system.

Fibrotic Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: The Dual Roles of Fibrosis in HFpEF and CAD.

Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atherosclerosis-driven coronary artery disease (CAD) will have ongoing fibrotic remodeling both in the myocardium and in atherosclerotic plaques. However, the functional consequences of fibrosis differ for each location. Thus, cardiac fibrosis leads to myocardial stiffening, thereby compromising cardiac function, while fibrotic remodeling stabilizes the atherosclerotic plaque, thereby reducing the risk of plaque rupture.